ArticlePhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2010
The evolution of HIV-1 and the origin of AIDS.
Article in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 132 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 299 citations in OpenAlex.
- Variation in Intra-individual Lentiviral Evolution Rates: a Systematic Review of Human, Nonhuman Primate, and Felid Species.Journal of virology · 2019Pooled it
- Geographic Distribution and Temporal Trends of HIV-1 Subtypes through Heterosexual Transmission in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Pooled it
- Article
- Review
- HIV Vpr activates a nucleolar-specific ATR pathway to degrade the nucleolar stress sensor CCDC137.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Evolution of primate T-cell leukemia virus type 1 accessory genes and functional divergence of its antisense proteins.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Transgression of planetary boundaries and the effects on child health through an infectious diseases lens.Current opinion in pediatrics · 2025Review
- A vector representation for phylogenetic trees.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Cyclophilin A Regulates Tripartite Motif 5 Alpha Restriction of HIV-1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Computer aided design of inhibitor molecules against Vpr protein from different HIV-1 subtypes.In silico pharmacology · 2025Article
- Hard to jump: host shifts appear unlikely in a T4-like phage evolved in the lab.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Review
- New Insights into HIV Life Cycle, Th1/Th2 Shift during HIV Infection and Preferential Virus Infection of Th2 Cells: Implications of Early HIV Treatment Initiation and Care.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Interactions between HIV proteins and host restriction factors: implications for potential therapeutic intervention in HIV infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Quercetin: A Potential Polydynamic Drug.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The HIV epidemic 40 years on.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2023Article
- Zoonoses in a changing world.Bioscience · 2023Article
- The Hepatoprotective Effects ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Different Patterns of Codon Usage and Amino Acid Composition across Primate Lentiviruses.Viruses · 2023Article
- Article
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The major cause of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). We have been using evolutionary comparisons to trace (i) the origin(s) of HIV-1 and (ii) the origin(s) of AIDS. The closest relatives of HIV-1 are simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) infecting wild-living chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) in west central Africa. Phylogenetic analyses have revealed the origins of HIV-1: chimpanzees were the original hosts of this clade of viruses; four lineages of HIV-1 have arisen by independent cross-species transmissions to humans and one or two of those transmissions may have been via gorillas. However, SIVs are primarily monkey viruses: more than 40 species of African monkeys are infected with their own, species-specific, SIV and in at least some host species, the infection seems non-pathogenic. Chimpanzees acquired from monkeys two distinct forms of SIVs that recombined to produce a virus with a unique genome structure. We have found that SIV infection causes CD4(+) T-cell depletion and increases mortality in wild chimpanzees, and so the origin of AIDS is more ancient than the origin of HIV-1. Tracing the genetic changes that occurred as monkey viruses adapted to infect first chimpanzees and then humans may provide insights into the causes of the pathogenicity of these viruses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.