Evidence map›Paper›PMID 20635344›Full record

ArticleProteins2010

Dry molten globule intermediates and the mechanism of protein unfolding.

Robert L Baldwin, Carl Frieden, George D Rose

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proteins, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Distinct Molten-Globule Conformations in an Interacting Protein Domain Resolved byAngewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026
    Article
  2. The Nature of Non-Arrhenius Kinetics in the Heat Denaturation of Proteins.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Deep mining of the protein energy landscape.Structural dynamics (Melville, N.Y.) · 2023
    Article
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Molten globule-like transition state of protein barnase measured with calorimetric force spectroscopy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022
    Article
  13. Protein folding - seeing is deceiving.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2021
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Equilibrium partially folded states of B. licheniformisEuropean biophysics journal : EBJ · 2019
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Robert L BaldwinDepartment of Biochemistry, Stanford University Medical Center, Beckman Center, School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5307, USA. baldwinb@stanford.edu
Carl Frieden
George D Rose

Funding

METABOLIC REGULATION AND INTERACTING ENZYME SYSTEMSR01DK013332 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI FRIEDEN, CARL · 1986 to 2008
$4.2M
NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK013332NIDDK NIH HHS R01-DK13332
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

New experimental results show that either gain or loss of close packing can be observed as a discrete step in protein folding or unfolding reactions. This finding poses a significant challenge to the conventional two-state model of protein folding. Results of interest involve dry molten globule (DMG) intermediates, an expanded form of the protein that lacks appreciable solvent. When an unfolding protein expands to the DMG state, side chains unlock and gain conformational entropy, while liquid-like van der Waals interactions persist. Four unrelated proteins are now known to form DMGs as the first step of unfolding, suggesting that such an intermediate may well be commonplace in both folding and unfolding. Data from the literature show that peptide amide protons are protected in the DMG, indicating that backbone structure is intact despite loss of side-chain close packing. Other complementary evidence shows that secondary structure formation provides a major source of compaction during folding. In our model, the major free-energy barrier separating unfolded from native states usually occurs during the transition between the unfolded state and the DMG. The absence of close packing at this barrier provides an explanation for why phi-values, derived from a Brønsted-Leffler plot, depend primarily on structure at the mutational site and not on specific side-chain interactions. The conventional two-state folding model breaks down when there are DMG intermediates, a realization that has major implications for future experimental work on the mechanism of protein folding.

Indexed as

Protein ConformationProtein Structure, SecondaryProtein UnfoldingEntropyModels, MolecularProtein FoldingProteinsSolventsProteinsSolvents

Identifiers

PMID20635344
PMCPMC2927783

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.