ArticleMediators of inflammation2010
Proinflammatory mediators of toxic shock and their correlation to lethality.
Article in Mediators of inflammation, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- High Titer Persistent Neutralizing Antibodies Induced by TSST-1 Variant Vaccine Against Toxic Shock Cytokine Storm.Toxins · 2020Trial
- The Interleukin Network in Sepsis: From Cytokine Storm to Clinical Applications.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Dietary supplementation with spray-dried animal plasma improves vaccine protection in aged mice.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- The Role ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Betaine Alleviates LPS-Induced Chicken Skeletal Muscle Inflammation with the Epigenetic Modulation of the TLR4 Gene.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Fyn kinase mediates pro-inflammatory response in a mouse model of endotoxemia: Relevance to translational research.European journal of pharmacology · 2020Article
- Determining the immunological characteristics of a novel human monoclonal antibody developed against staphylococcal enterotoxin B.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Article
- Review
- Interference of the T Cell and Antigen-Presenting Cell Costimulatory Pathway Using CTLA4-Ig (Abatacept) Prevents Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B Pathology.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Article
- Rapid and Rigorous IL-17A Production by a Distinct Subpopulation of Effector Memory T Lymphocytes Constitutes a Novel Mechanism of Toxic Shock Syndrome Immunopathology.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Article
- FDA-approved immunosuppressants targeting staphylococcal superantigens: mechanisms and insights.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2017Review
- Staphylococcal Superantigens Spark Host-Mediated Danger Signals.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Review
- Article
- Synergistic effects of NOD1 or NOD2 and TLR4 activation on mouse sickness behavior in relation to immune and brain activity markers.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2015Article
- Endotoxin-induced lung alveolar cell injury causes brain cell damage.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2015Article
- Global sensitivity analysis of a mathematical model of acute inflammation identifies nonlinear dependence of cumulative tissue damage on host interleukin-6 responses.Journal of theoretical biology · 2014Article
- Bacterial Toxins-Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B.Microbiology spectrum · 2013Article
- The staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) family: SEB and siblings.Virulence · 2013Review
- Update on staphylococcal superantigen-induced signaling pathways and therapeutic interventions.Toxins · 2013Review
- PI3K/Akt/mTOR, a pathway less recognized for staphylococcal superantigen-induced toxicity.Toxins · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bacterial exotoxins and endotoxins both stimulate proinflammatory mediators but the contribution of each individual toxin in the release of mediators causing lethal shock is incompletely understood. This study examines the cytokine response and lethality of mice exposed to varying doses of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and their combinations. In vivo, SEB alone induced moderate levels of IL-2 and MCP-1 and all mice survived even with a high dose of SEB (100 microg/mouse). LPS (80 microg/mouse) caused 48% lethality and induced high levels of IL-6 and MCP-1. SEB induced low levels of TNFalpha, IL-1, IFNgamma, MIP-2, and LPS synergized with SEB in the expression of these cytokines and that of IL-6 and MCP-1. Importantly, the synergistic action of SEB and LPS resulted in lethal shock and hypothermia. ANOVA of cytokine levels by survival status of SEB-plus-LPS groups revealed significantly higher levels of TNFalpha, IL-6, MIP-2, and MCP-1 in nonsurvivors measured at 8 hours. Significantly higher levels of IFNgamma and IL-2 were observed at 21 hours in nonsurvivors of toxic shock compared to those in survivors. Overall, synergistic action of SEB and LPS resulted in higher and prolonged levels of these key cytokines leading to toxic shock.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.