ArticlePloS one2010
The genome of a Bacillus isolate causing anthrax in chimpanzees combines chromosomal properties of B. cereus with B. anthracis virulence plasmids.
Article in PloS one, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers.
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97 citing papers in PubMed, 186 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Genomic adaptability and virulence of Bacillus anthracis: a machine learning-based pan-genome and comparative analysis.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Genomic characterization of clinical and environmental isolates of Bacillus anthracis in Peru.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- The influence of environmental factors on the diversity and structure of airborne fungal and bacterial communities.Mycology · 2026Review
- Identification of sporulation genes in Bacillus anthracis highlights similarities and significant differences with Bacillus subtilis.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis causes inhalational anthrax-like disease in rabbits that is treatable with medical countermeasures.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Genetic diversity and virulence ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Toxin and capsule production by Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis influence pathogenicity in macrophages and animal models.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Comparing microbiological and molecular diagnostic tools for the surveillance of anthrax.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Investigating Anthrax-Associated Virulence Genes among Archival and ContemporaryPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- An ounce of prevention is better : Monitoring wildlife health as a tool for pandemic prevention.EMBO reports · 2024Article
- A review of pathogenic airborne fungi and bacteria: unveiling occurrence, sources, and profound human health implication.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- Analysis of Sporulation inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A new fluorescence-based approach for direct visualization of coat formation during sporulation in Bacillus cereus.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Genomic and Phylogenetic Analysis ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Pathogenicity and Genomic Characterization of a Novel Genospecies,International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Retrospective Screening of Anthrax-like Disease Induced byPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- From cereus to anthrax and back again: Assessment of the temperature-dependent phenotypic switching in the "cross-over" strainFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Anthrax is a fatal disease caused by strains of Bacillus anthracis. Members of this monophyletic species are non motile and are all characterized by the presence of four prophages and a nonsense mutation in the plcR regulator gene. Here we report the complete genome sequence of a Bacillus strain isolated from a chimpanzee that had died with clinical symptoms of anthrax. Unlike classic B. anthracis, this strain was motile and lacked the four prohages and the nonsense mutation. Four replicons were identified, a chromosome and three plasmids. Comparative genome analysis revealed that the chromosome resembles those of non-B. anthracis members of the Bacillus cereus group, whereas two plasmids were identical to the anthrax virulence plasmids pXO1 and pXO2. The function of the newly discovered third plasmid with a length of 14 kbp is unknown. A detailed comparison of genomic loci encoding key features confirmed a higher similarity to B. thuringiensis serovar konkukian strain 97-27 and B. cereus E33L than to B. anthracis strains. For the first time we describe the sequence of an anthrax causing bacterium possessing both anthrax plasmids that apparently does not belong to the monophyletic group of all so far known B. anthracis strains and that differs in important diagnostic features. The data suggest that this bacterium has evolved from a B. cereus strain independently from the classic B. anthracis strains and established a B. anthracis lifestyle. Therefore we suggest to designate this isolate as "B. cereus variety (var.) anthracis".
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