ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2010
Persistent microbial translocation and immune activation in HIV-1-infected South Africans receiving combination antiretroviral therapy.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 140 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
140 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 214 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dysregulated Metabolism in People Living With HIV in the Modern ART-Era: A Systematic Review of Targeted Metabolomics Studies.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Patho-immune Mechanisms of Hypertension in HIV: a Systematic and Thematic Review.Current hypertension reports · 2019Pooled it
- Trial
- Impact of Anthelmintic Therapy for Invasive Helminth Infection on Microbial Translocation, Inflammation, and Immune Response among Ugandans Living with HIV: A Randomized Proof of Concept Study.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Trial
- HIV is associated with an increased risk of age-related clonal hematopoiesis among older adults.Nature medicine · 2021Trial
- Pre-Digested Protein Enteral Nutritional Supplementation Enhances Recovery of CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Trial
- Efavirenz is associated with higher bone mass in South African children with HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Trial
- Platelet leukocyte aggregates and markers of platelet aggregation, immune activation and disease progression in HIV infected treatment naive asymptomatic individuals.Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Role of intestinal mucosal integrity in HIV transmission to infants through breast-feeding: the BAN study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2013Trial
- Systemic immune activation and microbial translocation in dual HIV/tuberculosis-infected subjects.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2013Trial
- Kinetics of microbial translocation markers in patients on efavirenz or lopinavir/r based antiretroviral therapy.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Increased microbial translocation in ≤ 180 days old perinatally human immunodeficiency virus-positive infants as compared with human immunodeficiency virus-exposed uninfected infants of similar age.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2011Trial
- Effect of micronutrient and probiotic fortified yogurt on immune-function of anti-retroviral therapy naive HIV patients.Nutrients · 2011Trial
- An exploratory trial of cyclooxygenase type 2 inhibitor in HIV-1 infection: downregulated immune activation and improved T cell-dependent vaccine responses.Journal of virology · 2011Trial
- Role of HIV-1 in IL-8 response of human stellate cells to gram-positive microbial products.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Dynamics of natural and pharmacologic control of an SIV variant with an envelope trafficking defect.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
80 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMicrobial translocation contributes to immune activation and disease progression during chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. However, its role in the African AIDS epidemic remains controversial. Here, we investigated the relationship between markers of monocyte activation, plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and HIV-1 RNA in South Africans prioritized to receive combination antiretroviral therapy (cART).
methodsTen HIV-1-negative African controls and 80 HIV-1-infected patients with CD4 T cell counts <200 cells/microL were sampled prior to (n=60) or during (n=20) receipt of effective cART. Viral load was measured by Nuclisens; LPS by the Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay; monocyte and T cell subsets by flow cytometry; and soluble CD14, cytokines, and chemokines by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and customized Bio-Plex plates.
resultsThree distinct sets of markers were identified. CCL2, CXCL10, and CD14(+)CD16(+) monocyte levels were positively correlated with HIV-1 viremia. This finding, together with cART-induced normalization of these markers, suggests that their upregulation was driven by HIV-1. Plasma interleukin-6 was associated with the presence of opportunistic coinfections. Soluble CD14 and tumor necrosis factor were linked to plasma LPS levels and, as observed for LPS, remained elevated in patients receiving effective cART.
conclusionsMicrobial translocation is a major force driving chronic inflammation in HIV-infected Africans receiving cART. Prevention of monocyte activation may be especially effective at enhancing therapeutic outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.