ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1991
Rostrocaudal gradient of transgene expression in adult skeletal muscle.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1991. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping Transgene Insertion Sites Reveals Complex Interactions Between Mouse Transgenes and Neighboring Endogenous Genes.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2018Article
- Enforced expression of protein kinase C in skeletal muscle causes physical inactivity, fatty liver and insulin resistance in the brain.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2010Article
- The Pax3-Cre transgene exhibits a rostrocaudal gradient of expression in the skeletal muscle lineage.Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) · 2009Article
- Expression of mutant Ets protein at the neuromuscular synapse causes alterations in morphology and gene expression.EMBO reports · 2002Article
- Regulation of myostatin activity and muscle growth.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2001Article
- Transplanted primary neonatal myoblasts can give rise to functional satellite cells as identified using the Myf5nlacZl+ mouse.Gene therapy · 2001Article
- Positionally selective growth of embryonic spinal cord neurites on muscle membranes.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 1999Article
- Fiber-type-specific transcription of the troponin I slow gene is regulated by multiple elements.Molecular and cellular biology · 1999Article
- Distinct gene expression patterns in skeletal and cardiac muscle are dependent on common regulatory sequences in the MLC1/3 locus.Molecular and cellular biology · 1996Article
- Distinct regulatory elements control muscle-specific, fiber-type-selective, and axially graded expression of a myosin light-chain gene in transgenic mice.Molecular and cellular biology · 1996Article
- Common core sequences are found in skeletal muscle slow- and fast-fiber-type-specific regulatory elements.Molecular and cellular biology · 1996Article
- Vasopressin resistance in chronic renal failure. Evidence for the role of decreased V2 receptor mRNA.The Journal of clinical investigation · 1995Article
- Myosin light chain 3F regulatory sequences confer regionalized cardiac and skeletal muscle expression in transgenic mice.The Journal of cell biology · 1995Article
- Upstream sequences of the myogenin gene convey responsiveness to skeletal muscle denervation in transgenic mice.Nucleic acids research · 1993Article
- Gradients of transgene expression directed by the human myoglobin promoter in the developing mouse heart.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 1993Article
- Mapping of myogenin transcription during embryogenesis using transgenes linked to the myogenin control region.The Journal of cell biology · 1992Article
- Fiber type- and position-dependent expression of a myosin light chain-CAT transgene detected with a novel histochemical stain for CAT.The Journal of cell biology · 1991Article
- Rostrocaudal variation of fiber type composition in rat intercostal muscles.Histochemistry · 1991Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Transgenic mice were produced in which expression of the reporter gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) is controlled by regulatory elements of a rodent myosin light chain gene. CAT activity was readily detectable in muscles of these mice but negligible in a variety of nonmuscle tissues. Unexpectedly, levels of CAT expression varied greater than 100-fold from muscle to muscle, forming a gradient in which a muscle's position in the rostrocaudal axis was correlated with its level of CAT enzyme activity and abundance of CAT mRNA. Thus, rostral muscles (innervated by cranial nerves) had the lowest levels of CAT, thoracic muscles had intermediate levels, and caudal muscles (innervated through lumbar and sacral roots) had the highest levels. We established that myosin light chain sequences are responsible for the gradient of CAT expression but observed no strong gradient of endogenous myosin light chain expression. We argue that elements that are silent or masked by other sequences in their native context are revealed in the transgene and that the rostrocaudal gradient of gene expression they produce reveals the existence of a positionally graded endogenous regulator of gene expression. These transgenic mice provide evidence that cells in adult mammals retain "positional information" of a sort hitherto studied largely in embryos. The transgene they express may provide a means for determining how such positional values are generated and maintained.
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