ArticleBMC plant biology2010
Relationship, evolutionary fate and function of two maize co-orthologs of rice GW2 associated with kernel size and weight.
Article in BMC plant biology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers.
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106 citing papers in PubMed.
- Increased grain weight conferred by GW2 mutations in wheat does not translate into yield gains in multi-year field trials of near-isogenic lines.Journal of experimental botany · 2026Article
- Harnessing GhGRDP1 natural variation for enhanced cotton seed yield: a rhamnose-dependent strategy in breeding.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Identification and validation of qPC-3A, a stable QTL for flour protein content in hard wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2026Article
- From development to yield: genetic and molecular regulation of agronomic traits in maize seeds.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Review
- Map-based cloning of ZmSS5, construction and validation of its regulatory pathway for maize kernel weight.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2025Article
- Targeted genotyping (90K-SPET) facilitates genome-wide association studies and the prediction of yield-related traits in faba bean (Vicia faba L.).BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Reprogramming yeast metabolism for customized starch-rich micro-grain through low-carbon microbial manufacturing.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Dissecting the genetic architecture of yield-related traits by QTL mapping in maize.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Natural variation in GmSW17 controls seed size in soybean.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Molecular mechanisms controlling grain size and weight and their biotechnological breeding applications in maize and other cereal crops.Journal of advanced research · 2024Review
- Article
- Genetic variation in ZmKW1 contributes to kernel weight and size in dent corn and popcorn.Plant biotechnology journal · 2024Article
- A dynamic ubiquitination balance of cell proliferation and endoreduplication regulators determines plant organ size.Science advances · 2024Article
- A novel variation ofMolecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement · 2024Article
- Understanding grain development in the Poaceae family by comparing conserved and distinctive pathways through omics studies in wheat and maize.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Review
- Genetic architecture of kernel-related traits in sweet and waxy maize revealed by genome-wide association analysis.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
- Metabolic, transcriptomic, and genetic analyses of candidate genes for seed size in watermelon.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- GWAS and Meta-QTL Analysis of Yield-Related Ear Traits in Maize.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- G-Protein β-Subunit GeneInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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8 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundIn rice, the GW2 gene, found on chromosome 2, controls grain width and weight. Two homologs of this gene, ZmGW2-CHR4 and ZmGW2-CHR5, have been found in maize. In this study, we investigated the relationship, evolutionary fate and putative function of these two maize genes.
resultsThe two genes are located on duplicated maize chromosomal regions that show co-orthologous relationships with the rice region containing GW2. ZmGW2-CHR5 is more closely related to the sorghum counterpart than to ZmGW2-CHR4. Sequence comparisons between the two genes in eight diverse maize inbred lines revealed that the functional protein domain of both genes is completely conserved, with no non-synonymous polymorphisms identified. This suggests that both genes may have conserved functions, a hypothesis that was further confirmed through linkage, association, and expression analyses. Linkage analysis showed that ZmGW2-CHR4 is located within a consistent quantitative trait locus (QTL) for one-hundred kernel weight (HKW). Association analysis with a diverse panel of 121 maize inbred lines identified one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of ZmGW2-CHR4 that was significantly associated with kernel width (KW) and HKW across all three field experiments examined in this study. SNPs or insertion/deletion polymorphisms (InDels) in other regions of ZmGW2-CHR4 and ZmGW2-CHR5 were also found to be significantly associated with at least one of the four yield-related traits (kernel length (KL), kernel thickness (KT), KW and HKW). None of the polymorphisms in either maize gene are similar to each other or to the 1 bp InDel causing phenotypic variation in rice. Expression levels of both maize genes vary over ear and kernel developmental stages, and the expression level of ZmGW2-CHR4 is significantly negatively correlated with KW.
conclusionsThe sequence, linkage, association and expression analyses collectively showed that the two maize genes represent chromosomal duplicates, both of which function to control some of the phenotypic variation for kernel size and weight in maize, as does their counterpart in rice. However, the different polymorphisms identified in the two maize genes and in the rice gene indicate that they may cause phenotypic variation through different mechanisms.
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