ArticlePlant physiology2010
Plant immunity directly or indirectly restricts the injection of type III effectors by the Pseudomonas syringae type III secretion system.
Article in Plant physiology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 98 citations in OpenAlex.
- Apoplast Engineering Unveiled: Multi-Target Strategies to Disarm Pathogens and Elevate Global Food Security.Plant, cell & environment · 2026Review
- Integrated Functional Characterization of Hemileia vastatrix Effector Candidates Reveals Coordinated Immune Suppression, Sequential Deployment and Compartment-Specific Targeting.Molecular plant pathology · 2026Article
- The two-component regulator CvsR has a small core regulonMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- The two-component regulator CvsR has a small core regulonbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Some Like it Hot: Efficiency of the Type III Secretion System has Multiple Thermosensitive Behaviours in the Pseudomonas syringae Complex.Molecular plant pathology · 2025Article
- A phytoalexin dismantles bacterial type III injectisome.Cell research · 2025Article
- Environmental alkalization suppresses deployment of virulence strategies inJournal of bacteriology · 2024Article
- Transporter-mediated depletion of extracellular proline directly contributes to plant pattern-triggered immunity against a bacterial pathogen.Nature communications · 2024Article
- A self-assembling split Nano luciferase-based assay for investigating Pseudomonas syringae effector secretion.Stress biology · 2024Article
- A computational model of Pseudomonas syringae metabolism unveils a role for branched-chain amino acids in Arabidopsis leaf colonization.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- A critical role of a eubiotic microbiota in gating proper immunocompetence in Arabidopsis.Nature plants · 2023Article
- Two Non-Necrotic Disease Resistance Types Distinctly Affect the Expression of Key Pathogenic Determinants ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Plant Signals Anticipate the Induction of the Type III Secretion System in Pseudomonas syringae pv.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Natural variation in the transcription factor REPLUMLESS contributes to both disease resistance and plant growth in Arabidopsis.Plant communications · 2022Article
- In planta transcriptomics reveals conflicts between pattern-triggered immunity and the AlgU sigma factor regulon.PloS one · 2022Article
- Phospholipases C and D and Their Role in Biotic and Abiotic Stresses.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Corn Stunt Disease: An Ideal Insect-Microbial-Plant Pathosystem for Comprehensive Studies of Vector-Borne Plant Diseases of Corn.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Pseudomonas syringae AlgU Downregulates Flagellin Gene Expression, Helping Evade Plant Immunity.Journal of bacteriology · 2020Article
- Unusual extracellular appendages deployed by the model strain Pseudomonas fluorescens C7R12.PloS one · 2019Article
- The MAP4 Kinase SIK1 Ensures Robust Extracellular ROS Burst and Antibacterial Immunity in Plants.Cell host & microbe · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Plants perceive microorganisms by recognizing microbial molecules known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) inducing PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) or by recognizing pathogen effectors inducing effector-triggered immunity (ETI). The hypersensitive response (HR), a programmed cell death response associated with ETI, is known to be inhibited by PTI. Here, we show that PTI-induced HR inhibition is due to direct or indirect restriction of the type III protein secretion system's (T3SS) ability to inject type III effectors (T3Es). We found that the Pseudomonas syringae T3SS was restricted in its ability to inject a T3E-adenylate cyclase (CyaA) injection reporter into PTI-induced tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cells. We confirmed this restriction with a direct injection assay that monitored the in planta processing of the AvrRpt2 T3E. Virulent P. syringae strains were able to overcome a PAMP pretreatment in tobacco or Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and continue to inject a T3E-CyaA reporter into host cells. In contrast, ETI-inducing P. syringae strains were unable to overcome PTI-induced injection restriction. A P. syringae pv tomato DC3000 mutant lacking about one-third of its T3E inventory was less capable of injecting into PTI-induced Arabidopsis plant cells, grew poorly in planta, and did not cause disease symptoms. PTI-induced transgenic Arabidopsis expressing the T3E HopAO1 or HopF2 allowed higher amounts of the T3E-CyaA reporter to be injected into plant cells compared to wild-type plants. Our results show that PTI-induced HR inhibition is due to direct or indirect restriction of T3E injection and that T3Es can relieve this restriction by suppressing PTI.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.