ArticleInfection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases2010
Mx gene diversity and influenza association among five wild dabbling duck species (Anas spp.) in Alaska.
Article in Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Macroimmunology: The drivers and consequences of spatial patterns in wildlife immune defence.The Journal of animal ecology · 2020Pooled it
- Preparation and epitope identification of duck myxovirus resistance protein monoclonal antibody 4B6 and its expression in duck embryonic tissue.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Antiviral Effects of Avian Interferon-Stimulated Genes.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Comparative Genomics of the Waterfowl Innate Immune System.Molecular biology and evolution · 2022Article
- Characterization of Myxovirus resistance protein in birds showing different susceptibilities to highly pathogenic influenza virus.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2020Article
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Signaling and Innate Responses to Influenza A Viruses in the Mallard Duck, Compared to Humans and Chickens.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Innate Immune Responses to Avian Influenza Viruses in Ducks and Chickens.Veterinary sciences · 2019Review
- IFN and cytokine responses in ducks to genetically similar H5N1 influenza A viruses of varying pathogenicity.The Journal of general virology · 2018Article
- Host restrictions of avian influenza viruses: in silico analysis of H13 and H16 specific signatures in the internal proteins.PloS one · 2013Article
- Insight into alternative approaches for control of avian influenza in poultry, with emphasis on highly pathogenic H5N1.Viruses · 2012Review
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Mx (myxovirus-resistant) proteins are induced by interferon and inhibit viral replication as part of the innate immune response to viral infection in many vertebrates. Influenza A virus appears to be especially susceptible to Mx antiviral effects. We characterized exon 13 and the 3' UTR of the Mx gene in wild ducks, the natural reservoir of influenza virus and explored its potential relevance to influenza infection. We observed a wide range of intra- and interspecies variations. Total nucleotide diversity per site was 0.0014, 0.0027, 0.0044, 0.0051, and 0.0061 in mallards, northern shovelers, northern pintails, American wigeon, and American green-winged teals, respectively. There were 61 haplotypes present across all five species and four were shared among species. Additionally, we observed a significant association between Mx haplotype and influenza infection status in northern shovelers. However, we found no evidence of balancing or diversifying selection in this region of the Mx gene. Characterization of the duck Mx gene is an important step in understanding how the gene may affect disease resistance or susceptibility in wild populations. Furthermore, given that waterfowl act as a natural reservoir for influenza virus, the Mx gene could be an important determinant in the ecology of the virus.
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