ArticleNeurobiology of aging2012
Sex differences in the association of the apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele with incidence of dementia, cognitive impairment, and decline.
Article in Neurobiology of aging, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 137 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex differences inFrontiers in dementia · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review ofFrontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Pooled it
- Apolipoprotein E Genotype and Sex Risk Factors for Alzheimer Disease: A Meta-analysis.JAMA neurology · 2017Pooled it
- Sex and APOE genotype specific brain regional vulnerability to Alzheimer's Disease.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Reproductive history differentially shapes the neural response of middle-aged hAPOEɛ4 female rats to estradiol therapy after a metabolic challenge.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Alzheimer's Disease polygenic risk, the plasma proteome, and dementia incidence among UK older adults.GeroScience · 2025Article
- Latent change-on-change between amyloid accumulation and cognitive decline.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Article
- Role of the gut microbiome in mediating sex-specific differences in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2024Review
- Effect of apolipoprotein E ε4 and its modification by sociodemographic characteristics on cognitive measures in South Asians from LASI-DAD.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Metabolomics profiling reveals distinct, sex-specific signatures in serum and brain metabolomes in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Impact of genetic predisposition to late-onset neurodegenerative diseases on early life outcomes and brain structure.Translational psychiatry · 2024Review
- Sex differences in the progression to Alzheimer's disease: a combination of functional and structural markers.GeroScience · 2024Article
- Sex significantly predicts medial temporal volume when controlling for the influence of ApoE4 biomarker and demographic variables: A cross-ethnic comparison.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS · 2024Article
- Human apolipoprotein E glycosylation and sialylation: from structure to function.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Sex and APOE genotype modulate neuropsychological profile and depression in temporal lobe epilepsy.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Article
- Sex and Sleep Disruption as Contributing Factors in Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Review
- Metabolomics profiling reveals distinct, sex-specific signatures in the serum and brain metabolomes in the mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Associations of Sex, Race, and Apolipoprotein E Alleles With Multiple Domains of Cognition Among Older Adults.JAMA neurology · 2023Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We examined longitudinal associations between the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (ApoE4(+) status) and several cognitive outcomes and tested effect modification by sex. Data on 644 non-Hispanic Caucasian adults, from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) were used. Dementia onset, cognitive impairment and decline were assessed longitudinally. After 27.5 years median follow-up, 113 participants developed dementia. ApoE4(+) predicted dementia significantly (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.93-4.33), with nonsignificant sex differences. Taking all time points for predicting cognition, women had significantly stronger positive associations than men between ApoE4(+) status and impairment or decline on the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT; delayed recall and List A total recall) and on Verbal Fluency Test-Categories. This ApoE4 × sex interaction remained significant with Bonferroni correction only for CVLT-delayed recall. Taking time points prior to dementia for cognitive predictions, the positive association between impairment in CVLT-delayed recall and ApoE4(+) status remained stronger among women, though only before Bonferroni correction. While ApoE4(+) status appears to be a sex neutral risk factor for dementia, its association with verbal memory and learning decline and impairment was stronger among women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.