ArticleParasitology2011
Low levels of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and reduced suppression of Th2-mediated inflammation in hyperreactive human onchocerciasis.
Article in Parasitology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular vesicles secreted by Brugia malayi microfilariae modulate the melanization pathway in the mosquito host.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The potential regulatory role of BMP9 in inflammatory responses.Genes & diseases · 2022Review
- Eosinophils in filarial infections: Inducers of protection or pathology?Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Secreted filarial nematode galectins modulate host immune cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Onchodermatitis: Where Are We Now?Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2018Review
- Killing filarial nematode parasites: role of treatment options and host immune response.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2016Review
- Looking beyond the induction of Th2 responses to explain immunomodulation by helminths.Parasite immunology · 2015Review
- Reductions in microfilaridermia by repeated ivermectin treatment are associated with lower Plasmodium-specific Th17 immune responses in Onchocerca volvulus-infected individuals.Parasites & vectors · 2015Article
- Highly heterogeneous, activated, and short-lived regulatory T cells during chronic filarial infection.European journal of immunology · 2014Article
- Immunoepidemiological profiling of onchocerciasis patients reveals associations with microfilaria loads and ivermectin intake on both individual and community levels.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Article
- Helminths and their implication in sepsis - a new branch of their immunomodulatory behaviour?Pathogens and disease · 2013Review
- Regulatory T cell subsets in filarial infection and their function.Frontiers in immunology · 2013Review
- Helminth infection in populations undergoing epidemiological transition: a friend or foe?Seminars in immunopathology · 2012Review
- Helminth infections and host immune regulation.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2012Review
- Elevated adaptive immune responses are associated with latent infections of Wuchereria bancrofti.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2012Article
- Mechanisms underlying the induction of regulatory T cells and its relevance in the adaptive immune response in parasitic infections.International journal of biological sciences · 2011Review
- Induction of immunoglobulin G4 in human filariasis: an indicator of immunoregulation.Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology · 2010Review
- Immunohistology of ectopic secondary lymph follicles in subcutaneous nodules from patients with hyperreactive onchocerciasis (sowda).Parasitology research · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Th2-biased inflammation with eosinophilia and IgE production is a hallmark of helminth infections. It is pronounced in hyperreactive onchocerciasis patients ('sowda' or 'local form'), who efficiently kill microfilariae resulting in severe dermatitis and lymphadenitis. In contrast, hyporeactive patients ('generalised form') tolerate high microfilarial loads. This is thought to be mediated by regulatory CD4+ T cells and macrophages producing suppressive cytokines such as IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). We investigated whether hyperreactivity was reflected by lower local TGF-β production, analysing stable latent TGF-β1 expression in onchocercomas, lymph nodes and skin from hyperreactive and hyporeactive patients by immunohistochemistry. TGF-β expression was compared with that of IgE, IgG1, IgG4, and the antigen-presenting, CD4+ T cell-inducing MHC class II molecule HLA-DR. TGF-β was weakly and less frequently expressed by various cell types in onchocercomas, skin and lymph nodes from hyperreactive compared to hyporeactive patients. This applied to reactions around living and dead adult worms as well as dead microfilariae. Antigen-presenting cells strongly expressed HLA-DR in both forms, but their numbers were reduced in hyperreactive nodules. Plasma cells produced more IgE and IgG1, but less of the anti-inflammatory antibody IgG4 in hyperreactive onchocercomas. In conclusion, hyperreactivity is linked with reduced local expression of TGF-β, HLA-DR and IgG4, which might contribute to the insufficient down-regulation of inflammation via TGF-β- and HLA-DR-induced regulatory lymphocytes.
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Registered trials
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