ArticleBMC genomics2010
The Giardia lamblia vsp gene repertoire: characteristics, genomic organization, and evolution.
Article in BMC genomics, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Expanded gene and taxon sampling of diplomonads shows multiple switches to parasitic and free-living lifestyle.BMC biology · 2024Article
- Comprehensive analysis of flavohemoprotein copy number variation in Giardia intestinalis: exploring links to metronidazole resistance.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Comparative genomics of Giardia duodenalis sub-assemblage AI beaver (Be-2) and human (WB-C6) strains show remarkable homozygosity, sequence similarity, and conservation of VSP genes.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Mucosal vaccination in a murine gnotobiotic model ofInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Properties and predicted functions of large genes and proteins of apicomplexan parasites.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2024Article
- Giardia VSPAS7 protein attenuates Giardia intestinalis-induced host macrophage pyroptosis.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Antibodies to variable surface antigens induce antigenic variation in the intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Review
- Conserved metabolic enzymes as vaccine antigens for giardiasis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Genomic comparisons confirmFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Hidden Diversity within Common Protozoan Parasites as Revealed by a Novel Genomotyping Scheme.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2021Article
- Comparative proteomics of threeParasitology · 2020Article
- The compact genome ofMicrobial genomics · 2020Article
- Transfection With Plasmid Causing Stable Expression of a Foreign Gene Affects General Proteome Pattern inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- Identification of Conserved Candidate Vaccine Antigens in the Surface Proteome of Giardia lamblia.Infection and immunity · 2019Article
- Oxygen induces the expression of invasion and stress response genes in the anaerobic salmon parasite Spironucleus salmonicida.BMC biology · 2019Article
- Efficient oral vaccination by bioengineering virus-like particles with protozoan surface proteins.Nature communications · 2019Article
- Differential protein expression and post-translational modifications in metronidazole-resistant Giardia duodenalis.GigaScience · 2018Article
- The draft genome of Kipferlia bialata reveals reductive genome evolution in fornicate parasites.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGiardia lamblia trophozoites colonize the intestines of susceptible mammals and cause diarrhea, which can be prolonged despite an intestinal immune response. The variable expression of the variant-specific surface protein (VSP) genes may contribute to this prolonged infection. Only one is expressed at a time, and switching expression from one gene to another occurs by an epigenetic mechanism.
resultsThe WB Giardia isolate has been sequenced at 10x coverage and assembled into 306 contigs as large as 870 kb in size. We have used this assembly to evaluate the genomic organization and evolution of the vsp repertoire. We have identified 228 complete and 75 partial vsp gene sequences for an estimated repertoire of 270 to 303, making up about 4% of the genome. The vsp gene diversity includes 30 genes containing tandem repeats, and 14 vsp pairs of identical genes present in either head to head or tail to tail configurations (designated as inverted pairs), where the two genes are separated by 2 to 4 kb of non-coding DNA. Interestingly, over half the total vsp repertoire is present in the form of linear gene arrays that can contain up to 10 vsp gene members. Lastly, evidence for recombination within and across minor clades of vsp genes is provided.
conclusionsThe data we present here is the first comprehensive analysis of the vsp gene family from the Genotype A1 WB isolate with an emphasis on vsp characterization, function, evolution and contributions to pathogenesis of this important pathogen.
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