ReviewEuropean journal of applied physiology2011
Disuse of the musculo-skeletal system in space and on earth.
Review in European journal of applied physiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of Spaceflight on Musculoskeletal Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis, Considerations for Interplanetary Travel.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Pooled it
- Electrical Impedance Myography in Health and Physical Exercise: A Systematic Review and Future Perspectives.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Pooled it
- Atrophy of calf muscles by unloading results in an increase of tissue sodium concentration and fat fraction decrease: aEuropean journal of applied physiology · 2017Trial
- Upper extremity muscle volumes and functional strength after resistance training in older adults.Journal of aging and physical activity · 2013Trial
- ATHLETIC: An exoskeleton countermeasure exercise device for resistive and plyometric training in deep-space missions.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- NEX4EX - A novel exercise device enabling resistive, plyometric and sensorimotor training during deep-space missions: A case report.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- PIEZO1 Mediates Myoblast Proliferation Under Simulated Microgravity.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026Article
- Hyper-buoyancy flotation increases cervical disc height and reduces vertebral stiffness, with only partial reversal after acute 1 g axial loading.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Medial gastrocnemius activation during graded axial hypergravity induced by short-arm human centrifugation.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Comparison of musculoskeletal responses and its variability after long-term spaceflight and prolonged bed rest conditions.NPJ microgravity · 2026Article
- Proton radiation impairs mechanotransduction in C2C12 myoblasts.NPJ microgravity · 2026Article
- The dose-effect relationship of aquatic exercise in improving physical function in older adults.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Neuromuscular mechanisms for the fast decline in rate of force development with muscle disuse - a narrative review.The Journal of physiology · 2026Review
- Bed rest and endurance retraining alter persistent inward current estimates in young and older males.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Multidirectional effect of low-intensity neuromuscular electrical stimulation on gene expression and phenotype in thigh and calf muscles after one week of disuse.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Article
- A new Drosophila model of prolonged inactivity shortens lifespan and impairs muscle function.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effects of microgravity on neuromuscular control of the spine: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Effects of Neuromuscular Priming with Spinal Cord Transcutaneous Stimulation on Lower Limb Motor Performance in Humans: A Randomized Crossover Sham-Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- An Update on Neuroaging on Earth and in Spaceflight.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Pharmacological Innovations in Space: Challenges and Future Perspectives.Pharmaceutical research · 2024Review
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Muscle mass and strength are well known to decline in response to actual and simulated microgravity exposure. However, despite the considerable knowledge gained on the physiological changes induced by spaceflight, the mechanisms of muscle atrophy and the effectiveness of in-flight countermeasures still need to be fully elucidated. The present review examines the effects and mechanisms of actual and simulated microgravity on single fibre and whole muscle structural and functional properties, protein metabolism, tendon mechanical properties, neural drive and reflex excitability. The effects of inflight countermeasures are also discussed in the light of recent advances in resistive loading techniques, in combined physical, pharmacological and nutritional interventions as well as in the development of artificial gravity systems. Emphasis has been given to the pioneering work of Pietro Enrico di Prampero in the development of artificial gravity systems and in the progress of knowledge on the limits of human muscular performance in space.
Indexed as
Identifiers
20617334What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.