ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2010
Repression of tyrosine hydroxylase is responsible for the sex-linked chocolate mutation of the silkworm, Bombyx mori.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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42 citing papers in PubMed, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insect-specific aldehyde synthase governs cuticle strength: a selective insecticide target.Science advances · 2026Article
- The AF-2 domain of estrogen-related receptor interacts with PPRC1 to modulate larval epidermal marking in Bombyx mori.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
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- Dopamine Enhances Healthspan and Locomotor Performance via Antioxidant Defense in Silkworms,Insects · 2026Article
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- Integrated co-expression analysis of host-parasite transcriptomes reveals mechanisms of host modulation in an ant-cestode system.BMC genomics · 2026Article
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- Bmlark is essential for embryonic development.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- High-throughput and genome-scale targeted mutagenesis using CRISPR in a nonmodel multicellular organism,Genome research · 2024Article
- CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated genomic knock out of tyrosine hydroxylase and yellow genes in cricket Gryllus bimaculatus.PloS one · 2023Article
- Allele-specific knockouts reveal a role for apontic-like in the evolutionary loss of larval melanin pigmentation in the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori.Insect molecular biology · 2022Article
- High-resolution silkworm pan-genome provides genetic insights into artificial selection and ecological adaptation.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Atypical strategies for cuticle pigmentation in the blood-feeding hemipteran Rhodnius prolixus.Genetics · 2022Article
- Tyrosine Hydroxylase and DOPA Decarboxylase Are Associated With Pupal Melanization During Larval-Pupal Transformation inFrontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- The Landscapes of Full-Length Transcripts and Splice Isoforms as Well as Transposons Exonization in the Lepidopteran Model System,Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Imaginal disc growth factor maintains cuticle structure and controls melanization in the spot pattern formation of Bombyx mori.PLoS genetics · 2020Article
- Semaphorin-1a-like gene plays an important role in the embryonic development of silkworm, Bombyx mori.PloS one · 2020Article
- Proteomic Analysis of Larval Integument in a Dominant Obese Translucent (Obs) Silkworm Mutant.Journal of insect science (Online) · 2018Article
- Morphological and biological characterization of a light-colored mutant in the multicolored Asian lady beetle,Ecology and evolution · 2018Article
- Developmental roles of tyrosine metabolism enzymes in the blood-sucking insectProceedings. Biological sciences · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pigmentation patterning has long interested biologists, integrating topics in ecology, development, genetics, and physiology. Wild-type neonatal larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, are completely black. By contrast, the epidermis and head of larvae of the homozygous recessive sex-linked chocolate (sch) mutant are reddish brown. When incubated at 30 degrees C, mutants with the sch allele fail to hatch; moreover, homozygous mutants carrying the allele sch lethal (sch(l)) do not hatch even at room temperature (25 degrees C). By positional cloning, we narrowed a region containing sch to 239,622 bp on chromosome 1 using 4,501 backcross (BC1) individuals. Based on expression analyses, the best sch candidate gene was shown to be tyrosine hydroxylase (BmTh). BmTh coding sequences were identical among sch, sch(l), and wild-type. However, in sch the approximately 70-kb sequence was replaced with approximately 4.6 kb of a Tc1-mariner type transposon located approximately 6 kb upstream of BmTh, and in sch(l), a large fragment of an L1Bm retrotransposon was inserted just in front of the transcription start site of BmTh. In both cases, we observed a drastic reduction of BmTh expression. Use of RNAi with BmTh prevented pigmentation and hatching, and feeding of a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor also suppressed larval pigmentation in the wild-type strain, pnd(+) and in a pS (black-striped) heterozygote. Feeding L-dopa to sch neonate larvae rescued the mutant phenotype from chocolate to black. Our results indicate the BmTh gene is responsible for the sch mutation, which plays an important role in melanin synthesis producing neonatal larval color.
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