SynthesisThe Lancet. Infectious diseases2010
Risk of resistance to highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive injecting drug users: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Evidence-based interventions to enhance assessment, treatment, and adherence in the chronic Hepatitis C care continuum.The International journal on drug policy · 2015Pooled it
- HIV drug resistance in persons who inject drugs enrolled in an HIV prevention trial in Indonesia, Ukraine, and Vietnam: HPTN 074.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Assessing the HIV-1 Epidemic in Brazilian Drug Users: A Molecular Epidemiology Approach.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Article
- Intersectional Stigma, Fear of Negative Evaluation, Depression, and ART Adherence Among Women Living with HIV Who Engage in Substance Use: A Latent Class Serial Mediation Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Article
- Development and In-House Validation of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and a Lateral Flow Immunoassay for the Dosage of Tenofovir in Human Saliva.Biosensors · 2023Article
- HIV treatment, antiretroviral adherence and AIDS mortality in people who inject drugs: a scoping review.European journal of public health · 2023Article
- Multiple Infection and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Superinfection Among Persons who Inject Drugs in Indonesia and Ukraine.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Risk Factors of Drug Resistance and the Potential Risk of HIV-1 Transmission of Patients with ART Virological Failure: A Population-Based Study in Sichuan, China.Infection and drug resistance · 2021Article
- Article
- Contextual compatibility of three empirically supported behavior therapies for cART adherence among patients with substance use disorders.AIDS care · 2019Article
- Individual, social, and structural factors affecting antiretroviral therapy adherence among HIV-positive people who inject drugs in Kazakhstan.The International journal on drug policy · 2018Article
- Prevalence and Predictors of Substance Use Disorders Among HIV Care Enrollees in the United States.AIDS and behavior · 2017Article
- Physician Decisions to Defer Antiretroviral Therapy in Key Populations: Implications for Reducing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Incidence and Mortality in Malaysia.Open forum infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Drug resistant HIV: Behaviors and characteristics among Los Angeles men who have sex with men with new HIV diagnosis.PloS one · 2017Article
- Mortality and virological failure among HIV-infected people who inject drugs on antiretroviral treatment in China: An observational cohort study.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2017Observational
- Biased small-molecule ligands for selective inhibition of HIV-1 cell entry via CCR5.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2016Article
- Plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load rebound among people who inject drugs receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a Canadian setting: an ethno-epidemiological study.AIDS research and therapy · 2016Article
- Challenges in managing HIV in people who use drugs.Current opinion in infectious diseases · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Although highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is an effective treatment for HIV, many physicians withhold this treatment from HIV-positive injecting drug users (IDUs) because of fears of non-adherence and consequent development of antiretroviral resistance. Little is known, however, about whether the rates of resistance differ between IDUs and non-IDUs. We did a meta-analysis of studies that compared antiretroviral resistance rates in IDUs (current or previous) with those in HIV-positive patients infected by other routes and who had never injected drugs. We used a random-effects model to investigate overall resistance rates and resistance to individual drug classes. Of 181 potential studies, 27 were eligible for review. We were able to extract data from 14 studies, but two were excluded because of a very small sample size of IDUs or data being available only from a secondary analysis. Thus we included 12 studies in the meta-analysis, involving 9055 patients, of which 2054 (23%) were IDUs. The risk of development of antiretroviral resistance did not differ significantly between IDU and non-IDU (odds ratio 1.04, 95% CI 0.74-1.45, p=0.84). Rates of loss to follow-up and virological failure were similar in IDU and non-IDU samples. Existing evidence does not support the common practice of withholding antiretroviral therapy from HIV-positive IDU on the basis of an elevated risk of antiretroviral resistance. Therapeutic guidelines should consider reassessment of this issue.
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