ArticleRetrovirology2010
Cell cycle G2/M arrest through an S phase-dependent mechanism by HIV-1 viral protein R.
Article in Retrovirology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Manipulation of the cell cycle by HIV-1.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Virus infections and cancers: from mechanisms to therapeutics.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Development of a multi-targeted sulfonyl-bridged bisselenadiazole derivative as a potent EGFR/PI3K/AKT/mTOR modulator in lung adenocarcinoma.RSC advances · 2026Article
- HIV Vpr activates a nucleolar-specific ATR pathway to degrade the nucleolar stress sensor CCDC137.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- The HIV-1Viruses · 2024Article
- CRL4-DCAF1 Ubiquitin Ligase Dependent Functions of HIV Viral Protein R and Viral Protein X.Viruses · 2024Review
- Article
- Review
- Inhibition of MMP2-PEX by a novel ester of dihydroxy cinnamic and linoleic acid from the seagrass Cymodocea serrulata.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Article
- Insights into the Gene Expression Profiles of Active and Restricted Red/Green-HIVJournal of virology · 2020Article
- Polyploidy and Mitotic Cell Death Are Two Distinct HIV-1 Vpr-Driven Outcomes in Renal Tubule Epithelial Cells.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Breaking Bad: How Viruses Subvert the Cell Cycle.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Review
- Yeast for virus research.Microbial cell (Graz, Austria) · 2017Review
- Transcriptome profiling of influenza A virus-infected lung epithelial (A549) cells with lariciresinol-4-β-D-glucopyranoside treatment.PloS one · 2017Article
- HIV and Cocaine Impact Glial Metabolism: Energy Sensor AMP-activated protein kinase Role in Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Epigenetic Remodeling.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Ethanol induces cytostasis of cortical basal progenitors.Journal of biomedical science · 2016Article
- Activation of the DNA Damage Response by RNA Viruses.Biomolecules · 2016Review
- Article
- Characterization of histone post-translational modifications during virus infection using mass spectrometry-based proteomics.Methods (San Diego, Calif.) · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCell cycle G2 arrest induced by HIV-1 Vpr is thought to benefit viral proliferation by providing an optimized cellular environment for viral replication and by skipping host immune responses. Even though Vpr-induced G2 arrest has been studied extensively, how Vpr triggers G2 arrest remains elusive.
resultsTo examine this initiation event, we measured the Vpr effect over a single cell cycle. We found that even though Vpr stops the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, but the initiation event actually occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle. Specifically, Vpr triggers activation of Chk1 through Ser345 phosphorylation in an S phase-dependent manner. The S phase-dependent requirement of Chk1-Ser345 phosphorylation by Vpr was confirmed by siRNA gene silencing and site-directed mutagenesis. Moreover, downregulation of DNA replication licensing factors Cdt1 by siRNA significantly reduced Vpr-induced Chk1-Ser345 phosphorylation and G2 arrest. Even though hydroxyurea (HU) and ultraviolet light (UV) also induce Chk1-Ser345 phosphorylation in S phase under the same conditions, neither HU nor UV-treated cells were able to pass through S phase, whereas vpr-expressing cells completed S phase and stopped at the G2/M boundary. Furthermore, unlike HU/UV, Vpr promotes Chk1- and proteasome-mediated protein degradations of Cdc25B/C for G2 induction; in contrast, Vpr had little or no effect on Cdc25A protein degradation normally mediated by HU/UV.
conclusionsThese data suggest that Vpr induces cell cycle G2 arrest through a unique molecular mechanism that regulates host cell cycle regulation in an S-phase dependent fashion.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.