ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2010
Applying TLR synergy in immunotherapy: implications in cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania aethiopica: A Systematic Review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Pooled it
- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Context of Global Travel, Migration, Refugee Populations, and Humanitarian Crises.Clinics and practice · 2025Review
- Immunotherapeutic Strategies as Potential Treatment Options for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.Vaccines · 2024Review
- 4-Aminoquinoline as a privileged scaffold for the design of leishmanicidal agents: structure-property relationships and key biological targets.Frontiers in chemistry · 2024Review
- Unwinding the mechanism of macrophage repolarization potential ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Toll-like receptor (TLRs) agonists and antagonists for COVID-19 treatments.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Allopurinol therapy provides long term clinical improvement, but additional immunotherapy is required for sustained parasite clearance, inVaccine: X · 2020Article
- Article
- Dual TLR agonist nanodiscs as a strong adjuvant system for vaccines and immunotherapy.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2018Article
- How to master the host immune system? Leishmania parasites have the solutions!International immunology · 2018Review
- Combinatorial Delivery of Dual and Triple TLR Agonists via Polymeric Pathogen-like Particles Synergistically Enhances Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Local Delivery of the Toll-Like Receptor 9 Ligand CpG Downregulates Host Immune and Inflammatory Responses, Ameliorating Established Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis Chronic Infection.Infection and immunity · 2017Article
- Insights on adaptive and innate immunity in canine leishmaniosis.Parasitology · 2017Article
- Alternative to Chemotherapy-The Unmet Demand against Leishmaniasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Toll-Like Receptor 2 Is Required for Inflammatory Process Development duringFrontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Article
- Artificial bacterial biomimetic nanoparticles synergize pathogen-associated molecular patterns for vaccine efficacy.Biomaterials · 2016Article
- Possibilities and challenges for developing a successful vaccine for leishmaniasis.Parasites & vectors · 2016Review
- The TLR4 Agonist Vaccine Adjuvant, GLA-SE, Requires Canonical and Atypical Mechanisms of Action for TH1 Induction.PloS one · 2016Article
- Innate immunity against Leishmania infections.Cellular microbiology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Therapy of intracellular pathogens can be complicated by drug toxicity, drug resistance, and the need for prolonged treatment regimens. One approach that has shown promise is immunotherapy. Leishmaniasis, a vector-borne disease ranked among the six most important tropical infectious diseases by the World Health Organization, has been treated clinically with crude or defined vaccine preparations or cytokines, such as IFN-gamma and GM-CSF, in combination with chemotherapy. We have attempted to develop an improved and defined immunotherapeutic using a mouse model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. We hypothesized that immunotherapy may be improved by using TLR synergy to enhance the parasite-specific immune response. We formulated L110f, a well-established Leishmania poly-protein vaccine candidate, in conjunction with either monophosphoryl lipid A, a TLR4 agonist, or CpG, a TLR9 agonist, or a combination of these, and evaluated anti-Leishmania immune responses in absence or presence of active disease. Only mice treated with L110f plus monophosphoryl lipid A-CpG were able to induce a strong effective T cell response during disease and subsequently cured lesions and reduced parasite burden when compared with mice treated with L110f and either single adjuvant. Our data help to define a correlate of protection during active infection and indicate TLR synergy to be a potentially valuable tool in treating intracellular infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.