ReviewInflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.]2010
Important aspects of Toll-like receptors, ligands and their signaling pathways.
Review in Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.], 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 217 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Mechanisms of probiotic action in poultry gut: Colonization resistance, bioactive metabolites, quorum sensing activity, and immunomodulation.Poultry science · 2026Review
- Toll-like receptor 2 coordinates induction of IL-22 in lung macrophages following organic dust-induced inflammation.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Toll-like receptors: versatile players in tumor.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Precision Adjuvant Strategies in Vaccine Development for Substance Use Disorders: Variability and Mechanistic Insights.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Mechanistic Exploration of Yiqi Zengmian in Regulating the Microenvironment as an Immunopotentiator with the Beijing Bio-Institute of Biological Products Coronavirus Vaccine Based on Transcriptomics and Integrated Serum Pharmacochemistry.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Seizures in brain tumors: pathogenesis, risk factors and management (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Enhancing CAR T-Cell Function with Domains of Innate Immunity Sensors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The immunomodulatory and antitumor properties of the bacterial metalloprotease Oligopeptidase A are mediated by TLR4/MyD88/TRIF and MAPK signaling pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Network and systems biology approaches help investigate gene regulatory interactions between Salmonella disease and host in chickens: Model-based in silico evidence combined with gene expression assays.Veterinary medicine and science · 2024Article
- Immunity and Coagulation in COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Regulation of immune responses to infection through interaction between stem cell-derived exosomes and toll-like receptors mediated by microRNA cargoes.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Insights into the Correlation between Toll-Like Receptor 2 Polymorphism and HBV-Related Disease Progression and Occurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study in Egyptian Patients.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2024Article
- Review
- Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Functional Interaction of mRNA-lncRNA-miRNA inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The Dual Role of the Innate Immune System in the Effectiveness of mRNA Therapeutics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Genetic variation at innate and adaptive immune genes - contrasting patterns of differentiation and local adaptation in a wild gull.Heredity · 2023Article
- Review
- Toll-Like Receptors and the Response to Radiotherapy in Solid Tumors: Challenges and Opportunities.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Association of COVID-19 with Comorbidities: An Update.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2023Review
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Due to the rapid increase of new information on the multiple roles of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), this paper reviews several main properties of TLRs and their ligands and signaling pathways. The investigation of pathogen infections in knockout mice suggests that specific TLRs play a key role in the activation of immune responses. Although the investigation of TLR biology is just beginning, a number of important findings are emerging. This review focuses on the following seven aspects of this emerging field: (a) a history of TLR and ligand studies; (b) the molecular basis of recognition by TLRs: TLR structures, pathogen-associated molecular pattern binding sites, TLR locations and functional responses; (c) cell types in TLR expression; (d) an overview of TLRs and their ligands: expression and ligands of cell-surface TLRs and of intracellular TLRs; (e) TLR-signaling pathways; (f) discussion: TLRs control of innate and adaptive systems; the trafficking of intracellular TLRs to endolysosomes; investigation of TLRs in regulating microRNA; investigation of crystal structure of TLRs with ligand binding; incidence of infectious diseases associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLR genes; risk of cancer related to SNPs in TLR genes; TLR-ligand mediated anti-cancer effects; and TLR-ligand induced chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis; and (g) conclusions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.