ArticleJournal of immigrant and minority health2011
Measuring health literacy among immigrants with a phonetic primary language: a case of Korean American women.
Article in Journal of immigrant and minority health, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Measuring health literacy: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis of instruments from 1993 to 2021.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Optimizing diabetes self-care in patients with limited health literacy: a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of SCT-based education with and without an AI-designed photo-novel.BMC health services research · 2026Trial
- A Descriptive Analysis of Cancer Screening Health Literacy Among Black Women Living with HIV in Baltimore, Maryland.Health literacy research and practice · 2022Trial
- The Effect of a Community-Based Self-Help Intervention: Korean Americans With Type 2 Diabetes.American journal of preventive medicine · 2015Trial
- Economic evaluation of a community health worker-led health literacy intervention to promote cancer screening among Korean American women.Journal of health care for the poor and underserved · 2015Trial
- Development and validation of the assessment of health literacy in breast and cervical cancer screening.Journal of health communication · 2014Trial
- Digital Health Information Use, Trust, and Language-Related Disparities in Health Literacy in South Tyrol, Italy: Cross-Sectional Survey Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- The associated factors of smoking cessation intention among husbands in gestational households: A census-based cross-sectional survey.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Addressing COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Uptake Among African Immigrants: Lessons from a Community-Based Outreach Program.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Implications on self-care behaviors among older Korean immigrants diagnosed with diabetes residing in the United States: a path analytical approach.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Article
- Psychometric Properties of General Self-Efficacy (GSE) Scale Korean Version for Older Korean Immigrants with Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in the United States.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2023Article
- Validation of the Short-Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults for the Samoan Population.Health literacy research and practice · 2022Article
- Sources of Health Information, Technology Access, and Use Among Non-English-Speaking Immigrant Women: Descriptive Correlational Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Article
- Development of a Diabetes-Focused Print Health Literacy Scale Using the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine Model.Health literacy research and practice · 2020Article
- Familiarity, Navigation, and Comprehension: Key Dimensions of Health Literacy in Pap Test Use among Korean American Women.Journal of health communication · 2019Article
- Simple screening tools to identify limited health literacy in a low-income patient population.Medicine · 2018Article
- Decisional balance and self-efficacy mediate the association among provider advice, health literacy and cervical cancer screening.European journal of oncology nursing : the official journal of European Oncology Nursing Society · 2018Article
- Smoking in pregnancy: a cross-sectional study in China.Tobacco induced diseases · 2017Article
- Role of depression in diabetes management in an ethnic minority population: a case of Korean Americans with type 2 diabetes.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2017Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
While the need for understanding the issue of health literacy among ethnic minority groups with limited English skills is rapidly increasing in the US, it is difficult to find valid and useful health literacy tools for certain linguistic minorities. This study was designed to validate the Korean translation of Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine (REALM) and Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults-Short form (S-TOFHLA). Korean REALM and S-TOFHLA were administered to 98 Korean American women, together with REALM-English. Participants were first-generation immigrants who were educated in Korea. Both Korean REALM and S-TOFHLA resulted in a negatively-skewed distribution. REALM-English yielded well-distributed groups with significant correlations with Korean REALM and S-TOFHLA (Spearman's rho = 0.30, P = 0.003 and 0.22, P = 0.03, respectively). Educational level was significantly correlated with REALM-English and Korean S-TOFHLA (Spearman's rho = 0.39, P = 0.000 and 0.25, P = 0.014), but not with REALM-Korean. The translation of REALM and S-TOFHLA into the Korean language did not lead to a valid assessment of health literacy. A more systematic approach is needed to assess health literacy in immigrants with limited English skills, particularly those with a phonetic primary language. Meanwhile, REALM-English could be used as a crude health literacy test for individuals with some English skills.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.