ArticleThe American journal of pathology2010
TLR9 signaling is required for generation of the adaptive immune protection in Cryptococcus neoformans-infected lungs.
Article in The American journal of pathology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- TREM2 drives monocyte-derived macrophage responses tobioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Roles of TLR9: Gatekeeper to fungal infections.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Cryptococcal infection: host immunity, immune evasion and emerging immunotherapeutic strategies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Dendritic Cells: Multifunctional Roles in Host Defenses toJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Innate Pulmonary Phagocytes and Their Interactions with PathogenicJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Pulmonary Fibrosis and Hypereosinophilia in TLR9Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Influence of Pathogen Carbon Metabolism on Interactions With Host Immunity.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Murine Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression Is Essential for Antifungal Defenses in Kidneys during DisseminatedJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2021Article
- Article
- The role of Toll-like receptor 9 in a murine model of Cryptococcus gattii infection.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Pulmonary Macrophage and Dendritic Cell Responses toFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Novel Toll-Like Receptor 9 Agonist Derived from Cryptococcus neoformans Attenuates Allergic Inflammation Leading to Asthma Onset in Mice.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2020Article
- Defects in intracellular trafficking of fungal cell wall synthases lead to aberrant host immune recognition.PLoS pathogens · 2018Article
- Interactions of Cryptococcus with Dendritic Cells.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Innate Immune Responses toJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Article
- Scavenger Receptor MARCO Orchestrates Early Defenses and Contributes to Fungal Containment during Cryptococcal Infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Article
- Contribution of IL-1RI Signaling to Protection againstFrontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- CD103+ Conventional Dendritic Cells Are Critical for TLR7/9-Dependent Host Defense against Histoplasma capsulatum, an Endemic Fungal Pathogen of Humans.PLoS pathogens · 2016Article
- Intracellular Action of a Secreted Peptide Required for Fungal Virulence.Cell host & microbe · 2016Article
- DAP12 Inhibits Pulmonary Immune Responses to Cryptococcus neoformans.Infection and immunity · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
To determine whether TLR9 signaling contributes to the development of the adaptive immune response to cryptococcal infection, wild-type (TLR9+/+) and TLR9 knockout (TLR9-/-) BALB/c mice were infected intratracheally with 10(4) C. neoformans 52D. We evaluated 1) organ microbial burdens, 2) pulmonary leukocyte recruitment, 3) pulmonary and systemic cytokine induction, and 4) macrophage activation profiles. TLR9 deletion did not affect pulmonary growth during the innate phase, but profoundly impaired pulmonary clearance during the adaptive phase of the immune response (a 1000-fold difference at week 6). The impaired clearance in TLR9-/- mice was associated with: 1) significantly reduced CD4(+), CD8+ T cell, and CD19+ B cell recruitment into the lungs; 2) defects in Th polarization indicated by altered cytokine responses in the lungs, lymphonodes, and spleen; and 3) diminished macrophage accumulation and altered activation profile, including robust up-regulation of Arg1 and FIZZ1 (indicators of alternative activation) and diminished induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (an indicator of classical activation). Histological analysis revealed defects in granuloma formation and increased numbers of intracellular yeast residing within macrophages in the lungs of TLR9-/- mice. We conclude that TLR9 signaling plays an important role in the development of robust protective immunity, proper recruitment and function of effector cells (lymphocytes and macrophages), and, ultimately, effective cryptococcal clearance from the infected lungs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.