Trial reportClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2010
Inhaled granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor for first pulmonary recurrence of osteosarcoma: effects on disease-free survival and immunomodulation. a report from the Children's Oncology Group.
Trial report in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase II Study of Aerosolized GM-CSF (NSC# 613795, IND# 11042) in Patients With First Pulmonary Recurrence of Osteosarcoma
Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) Inhalation to Prevent ARDS in COVID-19 Pneumonia (GI-COVID)
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inhaled recombinant GM-CSF reduces the need for whole lung lavage and improves gas exchange in autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis patients.The European respiratory journal · 2024Trial
- Outcome of Patients With Recurrent Osteosarcoma Enrolled in Seven Phase II Trials Through Children's Cancer Group, Pediatric Oncology Group, and Children's Oncology Group: Learning From the Past to Move Forward.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2016Trial
- Pulmonary metastasectomy and response-adapted preoperative surveillance in resectable metastatic osteosarcoma: a single-center retrospective cohort study with long-term follow-up.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- Development and evaluation of an inhalable nanoemulsion system for enhancing NK cell function against osteosarcoma pulmonary metastases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Delivery of IL-12 by neoantigen-reactive T cells promotes antitumor immunity in murine osteosarcoma mode.Immunotherapy advances · 2025Article
- PEPN1924, A Phase II Study of Trastuzumab Deruxtecan in Patients With Recurrent Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2+ Osteosarcoma: A Children's Oncology Group Pediatric Early-Phase Clinical Trial Network Study.JCO oncology advances · 2025Article
- Osteosarcoma immune microenvironment: cellular struggle and novel therapeutic insights.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Cytokine screening identifies TNF to potentially enhance immunogenicity of pediatric sarcomas.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Review
- Targeting the IGF/PI3K/mTOR pathway and AXL/YAP1/TAZ pathways in primary bone cancer.Journal of bone oncology · 2022Article
- Recent and Ongoing Research into Metastatic Osteosarcoma Treatments.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Advancing therapy for osteosarcoma.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2021Review
- Review
- Local Targeting of Lung-Tumor-Associated Macrophages with Pulmonary Delivery of a CSF-1R Inhibitor for the Treatment of Breast Cancer Lung Metastases.Molecular pharmaceutics · 2020Article
- Targeting Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Treatment Efficacy and Resistance in Osteosarcoma: A Review of Current and Future Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Management of Refractory Pediatric Sarcoma: Current Challenges and Future Prospects.OncoTargets and therapy · 2020Review
- Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages in the Pediatric Sarcoma Tumor Microenvironment.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Review
- Identification of tumorigenicity-associated genes in osteosarcoma cell lines based on bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation.Journal of Cancer · 2020Article
- Factors influencing survival after recurrence in osteosarcoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group.Pediatric blood & cancer · 2019Article
- Integration of genomic, transcriptomic and functional profiles of aggressive osteosarcomas across multiple species.Oncotarget · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeOsteosarcoma most commonly recurs in the lung. Based on preliminary data on the antitumor effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in animal models, and promising phase I trials, we embarked on a feasibility study of inhaled GM-CSF in patients with first isolated pulmonary recurrence of osteosarcoma. EXPERIMENTAL
designForty-three eligible patients received inhaled GM-CSF at doses from 250 to 1,750 microg twice daily on alternate weeks. Following two cycles, patients underwent thoracotomy to resect tumor and analyze pulmonary nodules for expression of Fas/Fas ligand (Fas/FasL), and the presence of dendritic cells by immunostaining for CD1a, clusterin, and S100. Following surgery, patients received 12 additional cycles of therapy on alternating weeks or until progression. Event-free survival and survival, and feasibility of therapy delivery were evaluated.
resultsDose escalation to 1,750 microg twice daily was feasible with no dose-limiting toxicity. Mean scores for Fas/FasL in nodules from patients with bilateral recurrence who underwent unilateral thoracotomy pretreatment (using a scoring system of 0-3) were 1.3 and 0.88, respectively, compared with 0.78 and 0.62 in nodules resected following two cycles of therapy. Only 11 of 30 nodules postinhalation were positive for CD1a, 4 of 30 for S100, and 6 of 30 for clusterin. Event-free and overall survival at 3 years were 7.8% and 35.4%, respectively.
conclusionsInhalation of GM-CSF at doses from 250 to 1,750 microg twice daily on alternate weeks was feasible with low toxicity. However, no detectable immunostimulatory effect in pulmonary metastases or improved outcome postrelapse was seen.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.