ArticleBMC microbiology2010
Comparison of BCG, MPL and cationic liposome adjuvant systems in leishmanial antigen vaccine formulations against murine visceral leishmaniasis.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Overview of the Factors Related toVaccines · 2026Review
- Evaluation ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Immunogenicity of Recombinant Lipid-Based Nanoparticle Vaccines: Danger Signal vs. Helping Hand.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Adjuvant effects of combination monophosphoryl lipid A and poly I:C on antigen-specific immune responses and protective efficacy of influenza vaccines.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Monophosphoryl Lipid A and Poly I:C Combination Adjuvant Promoted Ovalbumin-Specific Cell Mediated Immunity in Mice Model.Biology · 2021Article
- EB1-3 Chain of IL-35 Along With TGF-β Synergistically Regulate Anti-leishmanial Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Immunization of C57BL/6 Mice with GRA2 Combined with MPL Conferred Partial Immune Protection against Toxoplasma gondiiIranian biomedical journal · 2018Article
- Liposomal adjuvant development for leishmaniasis vaccines.Therapeutic advances in vaccines · 2017Review
- Identification and Biological Activity of Synthetic Macrophage Inducible C-Type Lectin Ligands.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- The effect of chitosan nanospheres on the immunogenicity of Toxoplasma lysate vaccine in mice.Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2016Article
- An overview on Leishmania vaccines: A narrative review article.Veterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal · 2015Review
- Combining cationic liposomal delivery with MPL-TDM for cysteine protease cocktail vaccination against Leishmania donovani: evidence for antigen synergy and protection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Article
- Sphingomyelin Liposomes Containing Soluble Leishmania major antigens Induced Strong Th2 Immune Response in BALB/c Mice.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2013Article
- Immunization of Mice by BCG Formulated HCV Core Protein Elicited Higher Th1-Oriented Responses Compared to Pluronic-F127 Copolymer.Hepatitis monthly · 2013Article
- Vaccine Development Against Leishmania donovani.Frontiers in immunology · 2012Article
- Potentiating effects of MPL on DSPC bearing cationic liposomes promote recombinant GP63 vaccine efficacy: high immunogenicity and protection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2011Article
- Mechanisms of resistance and susceptibility to experimental visceral leishmaniosis: BALB/c mouse versus Syrian hamster model.Veterinary research · 2011Review
- Babassu aqueous extract (BAE) as an adjuvant for T helper (Th)1-dependent immune responses in mice of a Th2 immune response-prone strain.BMC immunology · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe development of an effective vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania donovani is an essential aim for controlling the disease. Use of the right adjuvant is of fundamental importance in vaccine formulations for generation of effective cell-mediated immune response. Earlier we reported the protective efficacy of cationic liposome-associated L. donovani promastigote antigens (LAg) against experimental VL. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of two very promising adjuvants, Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) plus trehalose dicorynomycolate (TDM) with cationic liposomes, in combination with LAg, to confer protection against murine VL.
resultsAll the three formulations afforded significant protection against L. donovani in both the visceral organs, liver and spleen. Although comparable level of protection was observed in BCG+LAg and MPL-TDM+LAg immunized mice, highest level of protection was exhibited by the liposomal LAg immunized group. Significant increase in anti-LAg IgG levels were detected in both MPL-TDM+LAg and liposomal LAg immunized animals with higher levels of IgG2a than IgG1. But BCG+LAg failed to induce any antibody response. As an index of cell-mediated immunity DTH responses were measured and significant response was observed in mice vaccinated with all the three different formulations. However, highest responses were observed with liposomal vaccine immunization. Comparative evaluation of IFN-gamma and IL-4 responses in immunized mice revealed that MPL-TDM+LAg group produced the highest level of IFN-gamma but lowest IL-4 level, while BCG+LAg demonstrated generation of suboptimum levels of both IFN-gamma and IL-4 response. Elicitation of moderate levels of prechallenge IFN-gamma along with optimum IL-4 corresponds with successful vaccination with liposomal LAg.
conclusionThis comparative study reveals greater effectiveness of the liposomal vaccine for protection against progressive VL in BALB/c. Again, evaluation of the immune responses by vaccination emphasizes the need of stimulation of potent cellular immunity based on both Th1 and Th2 cell responses to confer protection against VL.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.