Vinflunine.

Vinflunine is a novel bifluorinated vinca alkaloid that appears to differ from other class members in terms of its tubulin-binding properties and inhibitory effects on microtubule dynamics. Notably, it demonstrated superior in vivo antitumour activity to that of vinorelbine in a range of transplantable murine and human tumours. In a randomized, open-label, multicentre phase III trial in adult patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium who experienced progression after first-line platinum-containing chemotherapy (n = 370), median overall survival (OS; primary endpoint) was 6.9 months for intravenous vinflunine plus best supportive care (BSC) recipients versus 4.6 months for BSC alone recipients in the intent to treat (ITT) population. The difference in OS between treatment groups was not significant in the ITT population; however, there was a significant improvement in OS for vinflunine plus BSC recipients in the ITT population after adjusting for prespecified prognostic factors, and in the analysis of the eligible population (ITT population excluding baseline protocol violations). In the latter, median OS was 6.9 months with vinflunine plus BSC versus 4.3 months with BSC alone after a median follow-up of approximately 1.8 years and again after a median follow-up of approximately 3.6 years. Progression-free survival, objective response rate and disease control rate were significantly improved with vinflunine plus BSC versus BSC alone. The most frequent treatment-related adverse events in vinflunine recipients included myelosuppression (e.g. neutropenia) and gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g. constipation). In general, adverse events with vinflunine were noncumulative and medically manageable.