Evidence map›Paper›PMID 20567932›Full record

ArticleScience and engineering ethics2010

Avoiding twisted pixels: ethical guidelines for the appropriate use and manipulation of scientific digital images.

Douglas W Cromey

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science and engineering ethics, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
65citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

65 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Big Data and Digitalization in Dentistry: A Systematic Review of the Ethical Issues.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020
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  12. Curcuminoid-Based Responsive Surfaces for Fluorescent BFACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025
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5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Douglas W CromeyDepartment of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Tucson, AZ 85724-5044, USA. dcromey@email.arizona.edu

Funding

SOUTHWEST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES CENTERP30ES006694 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA · PI DEAN BILLHEIMER · 1994 to 2026
$36.7M
NIEHS NIH HHS ES006694NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES006694
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Digital imaging has provided scientists with new opportunities to acquire and manipulate data using techniques that were difficult or impossible to employ in the past. Because digital images are easier to manipulate than film images, new problems have emerged. One growing concern in the scientific community is that digital images are not being handled with sufficient care. The problem is twofold: (1) the very small, yet troubling, number of intentional falsifications that have been identified, and (2) the more common unintentional, inappropriate manipulation of images for publication. Journals and professional societies have begun to address the issue with specific digital imaging guidelines. Unfortunately, the guidelines provided often do not come with instructions to explain their importance. Thus they deal with what should or should not be done, but not the associated 'why' that is required for understanding the rules. This article proposes 12 guidelines for scientific digital image manipulation and discusses the technical reasons behind these guidelines. These guidelines can be incorporated into lab meetings and graduate student training in order to provoke discussion and begin to bring an end to the culture of "data beautification".

Indexed as

Ethics, ResearchGuidelines as TopicCodes of EthicsData CompressionImage Processing, Computer-AssistedPhotographyScienceScientific Misconduct

Identifiers

PMID20567932
PMCPMC4114110

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.