ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2010
Imaging tuberculosis with endogenous beta-lactamase reporter enzyme fluorescence in live mice.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 181 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Application of luminescence-producing Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains for evaluating anti-tuberculosis drug and vaccine efficacy in vitro and in vivo.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Review
- Review
- Turning Waste into Treasure: Functionalized Biomass-Derived Carbon Dots for Superselective Visualization and Eradication of Gram-Positive Bacteria.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Highly Sensitive In Vivo Imaging of Bacterial Infections with a Hydrophilicity-Switching, Self-Immobilizing, Near-Infrared Fluorogenic β-Lactamase Probe Enriched within Bacteria.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Chemical Probes Review: Choosing the Right Path Towards Pharmacological Targets in Drug Discovery, Challenges and Future Perspectives.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2024Review
- Chemical approaches to unraveling the biology of mycobacteria.Cell chemical biology · 2023Review
- Article
- Stabilization of Tuberculosis Reporter Enzyme Fluorescence (REFtb) Diagnostic Reagents for Use at the Point of Care.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Evolution of Antibacterial Drug Screening Methods: Current Prospects for Mycobacteria.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- The Two Weapons against Bacterial Biofilms: Detection and Treatment.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Research Progress of Small Molecule Fluorescent Probes for Detecting Hypochlorite.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- A dual-caged resorufin probe for rapid screening of infections resistant to lactam antibiotics.Chemical science · 2021Article
- Visualizing the dynamics of tuberculosis pathology using molecular imaging.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Review
- Comparison of two fluorescent probes in preclinical non-invasive imaging and image-guided debridement surgery of Staphylococcal biofilm implant infections.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Imaging Inflammation - From Whole Body Imaging to Cellular Resolution.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Revisiting the methods for detectingAccess microbiology · 2021Review
- Fluorescence imaging of drug target proteins using chemical probes.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2020Review
- Fluorescent antibiotics for real-time tracking of pathogenic bacteria.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2020Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The slow growth rate and genetic intractability of tubercle bacilli has hindered progress toward understanding tuberculosis, one of the most frequent causes of death worldwide. We overcame this roadblock through development of near-infrared (NIR) fluorogenic substrates for beta-lactamase, an enzyme expressed by tubercle bacilli, but not by their eukaryotic hosts, to allow real-time imaging of pulmonary infections and rapid quantification of bacteria in living animals by a strategy called reporter enzyme fluorescence (REF). This strategy has a detection limit of 6 +/- 2 x 10(2) colony-forming units (CFU) of bacteria with the NIR substrate CNIR5 in only 24 h of incubation in vitro, and as few as 10(4) CFU in the lungs of live mice. REF can also be used to differentiate infected from uninfected macrophages by using confocal microscopy and fluorescence activated cell sorting. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the bacillus Calmette-Guérin can be tracked directly in the lungs of living mice without sacrificing the animals. Therapeutic efficacy can also be evaluated through loss of REF signal within 24 h posttreatment by using in vitro whole-bacteria assays directly in living mice. We expect that rapid quantification of bacteria within tissues of a living host and in the laboratory is potentially transformative for tuberculosis virulence studies, evaluation of therapeutics, and efficacy of vaccine candidates. This is a unique use of an endogenous bacterial enzyme probe to detect and image tubercle bacilli that demonstrates REF is likely to be useful for the study of many bacterial infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.