ArticleDrug and alcohol review2010
Modelling crack cocaine use trends over 10 years in a Canadian setting.
Article in Drug and alcohol review, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed.
- Slow-Release Oral Morphine vs Methadone for Opioid Use Disorder in the Fentanyl Era.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- "They talk about it like it's an overdose crisis when in fact it's basically genocide": The experiences of Indigenous peoples who use illicit drugs in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside neighbourhood.The International journal on drug policy · 2024Article
- Predictors of crystal methamphetamine use initiation or re-initiation among people receiving opioid agonist therapy: A prospective cohort study.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Low awareness of risk mitigation prescribing in response to dual crises of COVID-19 and overdose deaths among people who use unregulated drugs in Vancouver, Canada.Harm reduction journal · 2022Article
- Factors associated with crack-cocaine early initiation: a Brazilian multicenter study.BMC public health · 2021Article
- 'Resurgent', 'twin' or 'silent' epidemic? A select data overview and observations on increasing psycho-stimulant use and harms in North America.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2021Article
- You just have to have other models, our DNA is different: the experiences of indigenous people who use illicit drugs and/or alcohol accessing substance use treatment.Harm reduction journal · 2020Article
- The Association Between Religiosity and Substance Use Patterns Among Women Involved in the Criminal Justice System.Journal of drug issues · 2018Article
- Willingness to use an in-hospital supervised inhalation room among people who smoke crack cocaine in Vancouver, Canada.Drug and alcohol review · 2018Article
- Activism and scientific research: 20 years of community action by the Vancouver area network of drug users.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2018Article
- Drug use and phylogenetic clustering of hepatitis C virus infection among people who use drugs in Vancouver, Canada: A latent class analysis approach.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2018Article
- Education and equipment for people who smoke crack cocaine in Canada: progress and limits.Harm reduction journal · 2017Article
- "They treated me like crap and I know it was because I was Native": The healthcare experiences of Aboriginal peoples living in Vancouver's inner city.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2017Article
- Declining rates of health problems associated with crack smoking during the expansion of crack pipe distribution in Vancouver, Canada.BMC public health · 2017Article
- Peer-engagement and its role in reducing the risky behavior among crack and methamphetamine smokers of the Downtown Eastside community of Vancouver, Canada.Harm reduction journal · 2016Article
- Risky and rushed public crack cocaine smoking: the potential for supervised inhalation facilities.BMC public health · 2016Article
- The relationship between social, policy and physical venue features and social cohesion on condom use for pregnancy prevention among sex workers: a safer indoor work environment scale.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2015Article
- "We need somewhere to smoke crack": An ethnographic study of an unsanctioned safer smoking room in Vancouver, Canada.The International journal on drug policy · 2015Article
- Factors associated with willingness to participate in a pharmacologic addiction treatment clinical trial among people who use drugs.The American journal on addictions · 2015Article
- Development of a brief substance use sensation seeking scale: validation and prediction of injection-related behaviors.AIDS and behavior · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND
aimsCrack cocaine use among illicit drug users is associated with a range of health and community harms. However, long-term epidemiological data documenting patterns and risk factors for crack use initiation remain limited especially among injection drug users. We investigated longitudinal patterns of crack cocaine use among polydrug users in Vancouver, Canada. DESIGN AND
methodsWe examined the rate of crack use among injection drug users enrolled in a prospective cohort study in Vancouver, Canada between 1996 and 2005. We also used a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to identify independent predictors of crack use initiation among this population.
resultsIn total, 1603 injection drug users were recruited between May 1996 and December 2005. At baseline, 7.4% of participants reported ever using crack and this rate increased to 42.6% by the end of the study period (Mantel trend test P < 0.001). Independent predictors of crack use initiation during the study period included frequent cocaine injection, crystal methamphetamine injection, residency in the city's drug using epicenter and involvement in the sex trade (all P < 0.05). DISCUSSION AND
conclusionsThese findings demonstrate a massive increase in crack use among injection drug users in a Canadian setting. Our findings also highlight the complex interactions that contribute to the initiation of crack use among injection drug users and suggest that evidence-based interventions are urgently needed to address crack use initiation and to address harms associated with its ongoing use.
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