ArticleCancer2010
Prognostic factors derived from a prospective database dictate clinical biology of anal cancer: the intergroup trial (RTOG 98-11).
Article in Cancer, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00003596 (A Phase III Randomized Study of 5-Fluorouracil, Mitomycin-C, and Radiotherapy Versus 5-Fluorouracil, Cisplatin, and Radiotherapy in Carcinoma of the Anal Canal), which is not on this map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase III Randomized Study of 5-Fluorouracil, Mitomycin-C, and Radiotherapy Versus 5-Fluorouracil, Cisplatin, and Radiotherapy in Carcinoma of the Anal Canal
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prognostic factors for patients with anal cancer treated with conformal radiotherapy-a systematic review.BMC cancer · 2022Pooled it
- VITAL phase 2 study: Upfront 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin-C, panitumumab and radiotherapy treatment in nonmetastatic squamous cell carcinomas of the anal canal (GEMCAD 09-02).Cancer medicine · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Anal carcinoma: impact of TN category of disease on survival, disease relapse, and colostomy failure in US Gastrointestinal Intergroup RTOG 98-11 phase 3 trial.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2013Trial
- Long-term update of US GI intergroup RTOG 98-11 phase III trial for anal carcinoma: survival, relapse, and colostomy failure with concurrent chemoradiation involving fluorouracil/mitomycin versus fluorouracil/cisplatin.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2012Trial
- Innovative radiotherapy approaches.ESMO gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Review
- Therapy for squamous-cell carcinoma of the anus in HIV-positive patients.ESMO gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Review
- Neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy in anal cancer - is there a role in the future?ESMO gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Radio(chemo)therapy in anal cancer: evaluation of sex-specific disparities across AJCC stages.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2026Article
- Prognosis Prediction and Surgical Benefit Subgroup Analysis in Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Undergoing Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Pre-treatment magnetic resonance imaging in anal cancer: large-scale evaluation of mrT, mrN and novel staging parameters.British journal of cancer · 2024Article
- Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for anal squamous cell carcinoma in Japan.International journal of clinical oncology · 2024Article
- Inflammatory pathways confer resistance to chemoradiotherapy in anal squamous cell carcinoma.NPJ precision oncology · 2024Article
- MRI morphological characteristics of lymph nodes in anal squamous cell carcinoma.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2024Article
- Unraveling Emerging Anal Cancer Clinical Biomarkers from Current Immuno-Oncogenomics Advances.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2024Review
- IAP inhibitor plus chemoradiotherapy for the treatment of bulky anal canal carcinoma.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2023Article
- Prognostic Factors of Long-Term Outcomes after Primary Chemo-Radiotherapy in Non-Metastatic Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An International Bicentric Cohort.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Article
- Influence of radiation treatment technique (IMRT vs. 3D-RT) on acute toxicity and prognostic factors for survival for anal cancer.Scientific reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOnly 4 prospective randomized phase 3 trials have been reported for anal cancer. A prognostic factor analysis for anal cancer from a prospective database has been published from only 1 study (N = 110). To confirm and uncover new prognostic factors, we analyzed the prospective database of intergroup RTOG 98-11.
methodsUnivariate and multivariate analyses of the baseline characteristics for 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were carried out. Various combinations of tumor diameter and clinically positive nodes (N(+)) were analyzed to identify subgroups.
resultsA total of 644 were assessable and analyzed. Tumor diameter >5 cm was associated with poorer 5-year DFS (P = .0003) and poorer 5-year OS (P = .0031), and N(+) was associated with poorer 5-year DFS (P </= .0001) and poorer 5-year OS (P = </= .0001) in the multivariate analysis. In stratified analyses, N(+) had more adverse influence on DFS and OS than did tumor diameter. Patients with >5-cm tumor and N(+) had the worst DFS (only 30% at 3 years compared with 74% for the best group; <5 cm primary and N0) and OS (only 48% at 4 years compared with 81% for the best group; <5 cm primary and N0). Men had worse DFS (P = .02) and OS (P = .016). These factors maintained their influence in each treatment arm.
conclusionsThis prospective prognostic factor analysis establishes tumor diameter as an independent prognosticator of poorer 5-year DFS and OS and confirms N(+) and male sex as poor prognostic factors. This analysis also uncovers novel subgroups (derived from combining prognostic factors) with incremental worsening of DFS and OS.
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