ArticleOncogene2010
Ral activation promotes melanomagenesis.
Article in Oncogene, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Melanoma: Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy.MedComm · 2026Review
- Dissecting the MAPK signaling landscape in malignant melanoma: from BRAF and NRAS mutations to precision combination therapies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- The RAL Small G Proteins Are Clinically Relevant Targets in Triple Negative Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2024Article
- TargetingJournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2023Article
- Antitumor Effects of Ral-GTPases Downregulation in Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Review
- Review
- Systemic Analysis of the Prognosis-Related RNA Alternative Splicing Signals in Melanoma.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2020Article
- Subversion of Ras Small GTPases in Cutaneous Melanoma Aggressiveness.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Review
- Targeting the ERK Signaling Pathway in Melanoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Synergistic antitumor effects of 9.2.27-PE38KDEL and ABT-737 in primary and metastatic brain tumors.PloS one · 2019Article
- RAL GTPases: Biology and Potential as Therapeutic Targets in Cancer.Pharmacological reviews · 2018Review
- Ral signaling pathway in health and cancer.Cancer medicine · 2017Review
- Synthesis of novel Ral inhibitors: An in vitro and in vivo study.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters · 2016Article
- Exploring the interactions of the RAS family in the human protein network and their potential implications in RAS-directed therapies.Oncotarget · 2016Article
- Understanding the biology of urothelial cancer metastasis.Asian journal of urology · 2016Review
- Searching for the Chokehold of NRAS Mutant Melanoma.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2016Review
- Targeting mutant NRAS signaling pathways in melanoma.Pharmacological research · 2016Review
- Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Up to one-third of human melanomas are characterized by an oncogenic mutation in the gene encoding the small guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) NRAS. Ras proteins activate three primary classes of effectors, namely, Rafs, phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinases (PI3Ks) and Ral guanine exchange factors (RalGEFs). In melanomas lacking NRAS mutations, the first two effectors can still be activated through an oncogenic BRAF mutation coupled with a loss of the PI3K negative regulator PTEN. This suggests that Ras effectors promote melanoma, regardless of whether they are activated by oncogenic NRas. The only major Ras effector pathway not explored for its role in melanoma is the RalGEF-Ral pathway, in which Ras activation of RalGEFs converts the small GTPases RalA and RalB to an active guanosine triphosphate-bound state. We report that RalA is activated in several human melanoma cancer cell lines harboring an oncogenic NRAS allele, an oncogenic BRAF allele or wild-type NRAS and BRAF alleles. Furthermore, short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of RalA, and to a lesser extent of RalB, variably inhibited the tumorigenic growth of melanoma cell lines having these three genotypes. Thus, as is the case for Raf and PI3 K signaling, Rals also contribute to melanoma tumorigenesis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.