ArticleAIDS (London, England)2010
Microbial translocation induces persistent macrophage activation unrelated to HIV-1 levels or T-cell activation following therapy.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 149 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discordant Immune Response with Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-1: A Systematic Review of Clinical Outcomes.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- The role of lipopolysaccharide as a marker of immune activation in HIV-1 infected patients: a systematic literature review.Virology journal · 2012Pooled it
- Improvement in Hepatic Fibrosis Biomarkers Associated With Chemokine Receptor Inactivation Through Mutation or Therapeutic Blockade.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Increased inflammation but similar physical composition and function in older-aged, HIV-1 infected subjects.BMC immunology · 2015Trial
- Switch to raltegravir decreases soluble CD14 in virologically suppressed overweight women: the Women, Integrase and Fat Accumulation Trial.HIV medicine · 2014Trial
- Trial
- Role of intestinal mucosal integrity in HIV transmission to infants through breast-feeding: the BAN study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2013Trial
- Kinetics of microbial translocation markers in patients on efavirenz or lopinavir/r based antiretroviral therapy.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Effect of micronutrient and probiotic fortified yogurt on immune-function of anti-retroviral therapy naive HIV patients.Nutrients · 2011Trial
- Increased microbial translocation in ≤ 180 days old perinatally human immunodeficiency virus-positive infants as compared with human immunodeficiency virus-exposed uninfected infants of similar age.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2011Trial
- Plasma levels of soluble CD14 independently predict mortality in HIV infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2011Trial
- Inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface: a perspective on interacting risk factors for preterm birth in sub-Saharan African women living with HIV.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Exercise to Prevent Accelerated Vascular Aging in People Living With HIV.Circulation research · 2024Review
- Inflammation and cytomegalovirus viremia during pregnancy drive sex-differentiated differences in mortality and immune development in HIV-exposed infants.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Longitudinal analysis of microbiome composition in Ghanaians living with HIV-1.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Maternal immunity shapes biomarkers of germinal center development in HIV-exposed uninfected infants.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular Disease and Thrombosis in HIV Infection.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2023Review
- Article
- Monocyte/Macrophage-Mediated Innate Immunity in HIV-1 Infection: From Early Response to Late Dysregulation and Links to Cardiovascular Diseases Onset.Virologica Sinica · 2021Review
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveHIV-1 replication and microbial translocation occur concomitant with systemic immune activation. This study delineates mechanisms of immune activation and CD4 T-cell decline in pediatric HIV-1 infection.
designCross-sectional and longitudinal cellular and soluble plasma markers for inflammation were evaluated in 14 healthy and 33 perinatally HIV-1-infected pediatric study volunteers prior to and over 96 weeks of protease-inhibitor-containing combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). All HIV-1-infected patients reconstituted CD4 T cells either with suppression of viremia or rebound of drug-resistant virus.
methodsSystemic immune activation was determined by polychromatic flow cytometry of blood lymphocytes and ELISA for plasma soluble CD27, soluble CD14, and tumor necrosis factor. Microbial translocation was evaluated by limulus amebocyte lysate assay to detect bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and ELISA for antiendotoxin core antigen immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies. Immune activation markers were compared with viral load, CD4 cell percentage, and LPS by regression models. Comparisons between healthy and HIV-1-infected or between different viral outcome groups were performed by nonparametric rank sum.
resultsMicrobial translocation was detected in healthy infants but resolved with age (P < 0.05). LPS and soluble CD14 levels were elevated in all HIV-1-infected patients (P < 0.05 and P < 0.0001, respectively) and persisted even if CD4 T cells were fully reconstituted, virus optimally suppressed, and lymphocyte activation resolved by ART. Children with CD4 T-cell reconstitution but viral rebound following ART continued to display high levels of soluble CD27.
conclusionMicrobial translocation in pediatric HIV-1 infection is associated with persistent monocyte/macrophage activation independent of viral replication or T-cell activation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.