Trial reportJournal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997)
Immunogenicity for CD8+ and CD4+ T cells of 2 formulations of an incomplete freund's adjuvant for multipeptide melanoma vaccines.
Trial report in Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterization and comparison of innate and adaptive immune responses at vaccine sites in melanoma vaccine clinical trials.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2021Trial
- Immunogenicity in humans of a transdermal multipeptide melanoma vaccine administered with or without a TLR7 agonist.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Trial
- Intratumoral interferon-gamma increases chemokine production but fails to increase T cell infiltration of human melanoma metastases.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2016Trial
- The vaccine-site microenvironment induced by injection of incomplete Freund's adjuvant, with or without melanoma peptides.Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997) · 2012Trial
- Randomized multicenter trial of the effects of melanoma-associated helper peptides and cyclophosphamide on the immunogenicity of a multipeptide melanoma vaccine.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2011Trial
- Enhancing breast Cancer immunotherapy using gold nanoparticles carrying tumor antigens.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The vaccine-site microenvironment: impacts of antigen, adjuvant, and same-site vaccination on antigen presentation and immune signaling.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
- A nano-enhanced vaccine for metastatic melanoma immunotherapy.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2022Article
- Cancer Vaccines: Adjuvant Potency, Importance of Age, Lifestyle, and Treatments.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Vaccine Strategy in Melanoma.Surgical oncology clinics of North America · 2019Review
- A pilot study of the immunogenicity of a 9-peptide breast cancer vaccine plus poly-ICLC in early stage breast cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2017Article
- Engineering of a self-adjuvanted iTEP-delivered CTL vaccine.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2017Article
- Inflammatory adverse events are associated with disease-free survival after vaccine therapy among patients with melanoma.Annals of surgical oncology · 2014Article
- Article
- Trial watch: Peptide vaccines in cancer therapy.Oncoimmunology · 2012Article
- Therapeutic cancer vaccines: are we there yet?Immunological reviews · 2011Review
- The present and future of peptide vaccines for cancer: single or multiple, long or short, alone or in combination?Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.)Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
An incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) commonly used in experimental cancer vaccines has recently been reformulated. Oleic acid used in the surfactant was purified from a vegetable source (olives, IFA-VG) rather than an animal source (beef tallow, IFA-AN). To provide an insight into the adjuvant properties of the new formulation, we reviewed T-cell responses, by enzyme-linked immunospot assay, to multipeptide vaccines in 2 sequential clinical trials that spanned this transition of adjuvants. Analyses included 194 patients who received either IFA-AN or IFA-VG for all vaccines, and a subset of 93 patients best matched by study arm for vaccine antigens (12 melanoma peptides restricted by major histocompatibility complex class I, 12MP; plus a tetanus helper peptide, tet) administered with IFA but without granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor. Inflammation was observed at vaccine sites clinically for almost all patients, even including ulceration in a subset with each IFA formulation. CD8 T-cell response rates to the 12 melanoma peptides were 53% [95% confidence interval (CI), 44%, 61%)] for IFA-AN and 46% [95% CI, 32%, 59%)] for IFA-VG. In the 93 patient subset, these rates were 73% [95% CI, 61%, 83%)] and 70% [95% CI, 47%, 87%)], respectively. CD4 T-cell responses to tetanus helper peptide were identified in 94% [95% CI, 86%, 98%)] and 96% [95% CI, 78%, 100%)], respectively. Responses to individual human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A1, A2, and DR associated peptides were largely preserved, but reactivity trended lower for some HLA-A3 associated peptides. Despite the necessarily retrospective nature of the analysis and limitations of multiple comparisons, our summary data support the use of IFA-VG as an adjuvant with multipeptide vaccines in melanoma patients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.