ArticlePloS one2010
Decreases in community viral load are accompanied by reductions in new HIV infections in San Francisco.
Article in PloS one, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02167100 (Patient Retention in HIV Medical Care in a Primary Care Practice in Australia), which is not on this map. Cited by 411 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Patient Retention in HIV Medical Care in a Primary Care Practice in Australia
Who cites it
411 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 779 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Networks in Racial Disparities in HIV Incidence Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States.AIDS and behavior · 2020Pooled it
- Community viral load and hepatitis C virus infection: Community viral load measures to aid public health treatment efforts and program evaluation.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2020Pooled it
- Women, incarceration and HIV: a systematic review of HIV treatment access, continuity of care and health outcomes across incarceration trajectories.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Pooled it
- Effectiveness of peer-led interventions to increase HIV testing among men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis.AIDS care · 2017Pooled it
- Identifying Best Practices for Increasing Linkage to, Retention, and Re-engagement in HIV Medical Care: Findings from a Systematic Review, 1996-2014.AIDS and behavior · 2016Pooled it
- Identification of antibody targets associated with lower HIV viral load and viremic control.PloS one · 2024Trial
- Peer Navigation to Support Transgender Women's Engagement in HIV Care: Findings from the Trans Amigas Pilot Trial in São Paulo, Brazil.AIDS and behavior · 2022Trial
- Interventions to Reduce Unhealthy Alcohol Use among Primary Care Patients with HIV: the Health and Motivation Randomized Clinical Trial.Journal of general internal medicine · 2019Trial
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- Design of the HPTN 065 (TLC-Plus) study: A study to evaluate the feasibility of an enhanced test, link-to-care, plus treat approach for HIV prevention in the United States.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2017Trial
- Seek, test, treat: substance-using women in the HIV treatment cascade in South Africa.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2017Trial
- Community viral load, antiretroviral therapy coverage, and HIV incidence in India: a cross-sectional, comparative study.The lancet. HIV · 2016Trial
- Trial
- State AIDS Drug Assistance Programs' Contribution to the US Viral Suppression, 2015-2022.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Article
- Unsuppressed HIV viral load among people living with HIV by exposure category in British Columbia, Canada from 2005 to 2020: a population-based cohort study.BMC global and public health · 2025Article
- Brief Report: HIV Incidence Among People Who Inject Drugs, San Francisco, 2022.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- Study Protocol(s) for Antiretroviral Improvement among Medicaid EnrolleeS (AIMS): A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial Leveraging Real-time Administrative Claims to Support Antiretroviral Prescription Adherence.Contemporary clinical trials · 2025Article
- Geosocial-networking App Use Among Men who Have Sex with Men in High HIV Community Viral Load Areas of Baltimore City.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
351 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAt the individual level, higher HIV viral load predicts sexual transmission risk. We evaluated San Francisco's community viral load (CVL) as a population level marker of HIV transmission risk. We hypothesized that the decrease in CVL in San Francisco from 2004-2008, corresponding with increased rates of HIV testing, antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage and effectiveness, and population-level virologic suppression, would be associated with a reduction in new HIV infections. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsWe used San Francisco's HIV/AIDS surveillance system to examine the trends in CVL. Mean CVL was calculated as the mean of the most recent viral load of all reported HIV-positive individuals in a particular community. Total CVL was defined as the sum of the most recent viral loads of all HIV-positive individuals in a particular community. We used Poisson models with robust standard errors to assess the relationships between the mean and total CVL and the primary outcome: annual numbers of newly diagnosed HIV cases. Both mean and total CVL decreased from 2004-2008 and were accompanied by decreases in new HIV diagnoses from 798 (2004) to 434 (2008). The mean (p = 0.003) and total CVL (p = 0.002) were significantly associated with new HIV cases from 2004-2008. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Reductions in CVL are associated with decreased HIV infections. Results suggest that wide-scale ART could reduce HIV transmission at the population level. Because CVL is temporally upstream of new HIV infections, jurisdictions should consider adding CVL to routine HIV surveillance to track the epidemic, allocate resources, and to evaluate the effectiveness of HIV prevention and treatment efforts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.