SynthesisSchizophrenia bulletin2011
Neuropsychological performance in older patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.
Synthesis in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Cognitive impairment in people with schizophrenia: an umbrella review.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of cognitive deficits in ultra-high risk to psychosis and first-episode psychosis: do the cognitive deficits progress over, or after, the onset of psychosis?Schizophrenia bulletin · 2014Pooled it
- Trial
- Effects of Metacognitive Training on Cognitive Insight in a Sample of Patients with Schizophrenia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Trial
- Neurocognitive performance, subjective well-being, and psychosocial functioning after benzodiazepine withdrawal in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: a randomized clinical trial of add-on melatonin versus placebo.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2017Trial
- Cognitive remediation for adults with schizophrenia: Does age matter?Psychiatry research · 2017Trial
- Social skills training and computer-assisted cognitive remediation in schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research · 2015Trial
- Psychosocial Interventions, Recovery, and Mediating Mechanisms in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Multivariate relationships between social cognitive performance and functional connectivity during task and rest across schizophrenia spectrum disorders and healthy controls.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Rethinking language, cognition and assessment in psychosis: How bilingualism challenges psychiatry and how natural language processing can help.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Cognitive profiles in older adults with psychotic disorders: Results from routine clinical assessments.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2026Article
- Cognitive assessment in the Accelerating Medicines Partnership® Schizophrenia Program: harmonization priorities and strategies in a diverse international sample.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Treating Cognition in Schizophrenia: A Whole Lifespan Perspective.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Use of the Chinese version of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery to assess cognitive functioning in individuals with high risk for psychosis, first-episode schizophrenia and chronic schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2024Review
- Alterations of serum neuropeptide levels and their relationship to cognitive impairment and psychopathology in male patients with chronic schizophrenia.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Similarities in cognitive impairment between recent- onset and chronic schizophrenia patients: a consideration for the neurodevelopmental hypothesis.Actas espanolas de psiquiatria · 2023Article
- Effects of antipsychotic and anticholinergic medications on cognition in chronic patients with schizophrenia.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Prevalence and correlates of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study from a teaching hospital southern Sri Lanka.BMC psychiatry · 2022Article
- Cognitive deficits, clinical variables, and white matter microstructure in schizophrenia: a multisite harmonization study.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Article
- Lifespan evolution of neurocognitive impairment in schizophrenia - A narrative review.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveCognitive deficits are among the most reliable predictors of functional impairment in schizophrenia and a particular concern for older individuals with schizophrenia. Previous reviews have focused on the nature and course of cognitive impairments in younger cohorts, but a quantitative meta-analysis in older patients is pending.
methodA previously used search strategy identified studies assessing performance on tests of global cognition and specific neuropsychological domains in older patients with schizophrenia and age-matched comparison groups. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were included. Potential methodological, demographic, and clinical moderators were analyzed.
resultsTwenty-nine cross-sectional (2110 patients, 1738 comparison subjects) and 14 longitudinal (954 patients) studies met inclusion criteria. Patients were approximately 65 years old, with 11 years of education, 53% male and 79% Caucasian. Longitudinal analysis (range 1-6 years) revealed homogeneity with small effect sizes (d = -0.097) being observed. Cross-sectional analyses revealed large and heterogeneous deficits in global cognition (d = -1.19) and on specific neuropsychological tests (d = -0.7 to -1.14). Moderator analysis revealed a significant role for demographic (age, sex, education, race) and clinical factors (diagnosis, inpatient status, age of onset, duration of illness, positive and negative symptomology). Medication status (medicated vs nonmedicated) and chlorpromazine equivalents were inconsequential, albeit underrepresented.
conclusionsLarge and generalized cognitive deficits in older individuals with schizophrenia represent a robust finding paralleling impairments across the life span, but these deficits do not decline over a 1-6 year period. The importance of considering demographic and clinical moderators in cross-sectional analyses is highlighted.
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