ArticleEukaryotic cell2010
Melanin externalization in Candida albicans depends on cell wall chitin structures.
Article in Eukaryotic cell, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating the Genetic and Molecular Basis of Melanin and Edible Quality inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Dismantling darkness: interdisciplinary perspectives on melanin degradation.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Review
- Review
- Genetic, structural, and functional characterization of allomelanin from black yeast Exophiala viscosa, a chassis for fungal melanin production.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Signaling pathways governing the pathobiological features and antifungal drug resistance ofmBio · 2025Review
- Regulation of melanin production in fungi.Frontiers in fungal biology · 2025Review
- Melanin in fungi: advances in structure, biosynthesis, regulation, and metabolic engineering.Microbial cell factories · 2024Review
- Structural diversification of fungal cell wall in response to the stress signaling and remodeling during fungal pathogenesis.Physiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology · 2024Review
- Solid-StateMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Deficiency of ChPks and ChThr1 Inhibited DHN-Melanin Biosynthesis, Disrupted Cell Wall Integrity and Attenuated Pathogenicity inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Two zinc finger proteins, VdZFP1 and VdZFP2, interact with VdCmr1 to promote melanized microsclerotia development and stress tolerance in Verticillium dahliae.BMC biology · 2023Article
- Protein Kinase A Controls the Melanization ofAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Topography of UV-Melanized Thalli ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Melanization ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Inhibition of Melanization by Kojic Acid Promotes Cell Wall Disruption of the Human Pathogenic FungusPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Physicochemical properties, molecular structure, antioxidant activity, and biological function of extracellular melanin fromJournal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2022Article
- Solid-state NMR analysis of unlabeled fungal cell walls fromJournal of structural biology: X · 2022Article
- Monoclonal Antibodies against Cell Wall Chitooligomers as Accessory Tools for the Control of Cryptococcosis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2021Article
- The Role of Melanin in the Biology and Ecology of Nematophagous Fungi.Journal of chemical ecology · 2021Article
- Article
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9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
The fungal pathogen Candida albicans produces dark-pigmented melanin after 3 to 4 days of incubation in medium containing l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) as a substrate. Expression profiling of C. albicans revealed very few genes significantly up- or downregulated by growth in l-DOPA. We were unable to determine a possible role for melanin in the virulence of C. albicans. However, we showed that melanin was externalized from the fungal cells in the form of electron-dense melanosomes that were free or often loosely bound to the cell wall exterior. Melanin production was boosted by the addition of N-acetylglucosamine to the medium, indicating a possible association between melanin production and chitin synthesis. Melanin externalization was blocked in a mutant specifically disrupted in the chitin synthase-encoding gene CHS2. Melanosomes remained within the outermost cell wall layers in chs3Delta and chs2Delta chs3Delta mutants but were fully externalized in chs8Delta and chs2Delta chs8Delta mutants. All the CHS mutants synthesized dark pigment at equivalent rates from mixed membrane fractions in vitro, suggesting it was the form of chitin structure produced by the enzymes, not the enzymes themselves, that was involved in the melanin externalization process. Mutants with single and double disruptions of the chitinase genes CHT2 and CHT3 and the chitin pathway regulator ECM33 also showed impaired melanin externalization. We hypothesize that the chitin product of Chs3 forms a scaffold essential for normal externalization of melanosomes, while the Chs8 chitin product, probably produced in cell walls in greater quantity in the absence of CHS2, impedes externalization.
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