ArticleBirth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology2010
A comparison of the effects of prenatal exposure of CD-1 mice to three imidazolium-based ionic liquids.
Article in Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and reproductive toxicology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIonic liquids (ILs; salts with melting points below 100 degrees C) exhibit wide liquid ranges, non-flammability, and thermal stability among other properties. These unique salts are best known as "green" alternatives to traditional volatile organic solvents, which are utilized in both academia and industry. Our current study compares the developmental toxicity potential of three representative ionic liquids, with various chain lengths: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C(2)mim]Cl), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C(4)mim]Cl), and 1-decyl-3methylimidazolium chloride ([C(10)mim]Cl).
methodsFrom gestation days (GD) 6-16, mated CD-1 mice were orally dosed with one of the following: 1,000, 2,000, or 3,000 mg/kg/day [C(2)mim]Cl; 113, 169, or 225 mg/kg/day [C(4)mim]Cl; 50, 75, or 100 mg/kg/day [C(10)mim]Cl; or the vehicle only. Dams were sacrificed on GD 17, and their litters were examined for adverse effects.
resultsFetal weight was significantly decreased in the two highest dosage groups exposed to [C(4)mim]Cl and [C(10)mim]Cl in comparison with their controls, but the [C(2)mim]Cl treated groups were not affected. An apparent teratogenic effect was associated with both [C(4)mim]Cl and [C(10)mim]Cl, as the offspring exhibited certain uncommon morphological defects. However, the incidences of malformations were low and no correlation between incidence and dosage could be made. No morphological defects were observed in any of the [C(2)mim]Cl-treated groups, despite maternal morbidity at the highest dosage level.
conclusionsThis study indicates that [C(4)mim]Cl and [C(10)mim]Cl may have adverse effects on development at high maternal exposures and strongly supports the supposition that the toxicity of imidazolium-based ILs is influenced by alkyl chain length.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.