ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2010
Glaucomatous tissue stress and the regulation of immune response through glial Toll-like receptor signaling.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 187 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glial Cell Activation and Immune Responses in Glaucoma: A Systematic Review of Human Postmortem Studies of the Retina and Optic Nerve.Aging and disease · 2024Pooled it
- The association of toll-like receptor 4 gene polymorphisms with primary open angle glaucoma susceptibility: a meta-analysis.Bioscience reports · 2019Pooled it
- Associations between TLR4 Polymorphisms and Open Angle Glaucoma: A Meta-Analysis.BioMed research international · 2019Pooled it
- A human pluripotent stem cell triculture platform to elucidate microglial regulation of retinal ganglion cells in neuroinflammation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- An Update and Overview of the Ocular and Extraocular Microbiome and Its Impact on Ophthalmic Care.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Glaucoma and Autoimmunity: Immunopathogenic Mechanisms and Emerging Immunomodulatory Therapies.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Pharmacological Blockade of LPAR1 Does Not Provide Neuroprotection in a Rat Model of Ocular Hypertensive Glaucoma.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Evidence for Neuroprotective and Axonal Regenerative Activities of Different Inflammatory Cell Types After Optic Nerve Injury.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Cannabinoids as Multitarget Drugs for the Treatment of Autoimmunity in Glaucoma.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Review
- Emerging strategies targeting genes and cells in glaucoma.Vision research · 2025Review
- Pro-inflammatory S100A9 contributes to retinal ganglion cell degeneration in glaucoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Glial-mediated immune modulation in glaucomatous neurodegeneration: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Acute ocular hypertension in the living human eye: Model description and initial cellular responses to elevated intraocular pressure.Vision research · 2024Article
- DAMPs Drive Fibroinflammatory Changes in the Glaucomatous ONH.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Evaluation of Rho kinase inhibitor effects on neuroprotection and neuroinflammation in an ex-vivo retinal explant model.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2024Article
- Review
- cFLIP in the molecular regulation of astroglia-driven neuroinflammation in experimental glaucoma.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- The contribution of pattern recognition receptor signalling in the development of age related macular degeneration: the role of toll-like-receptors and the NLRP3-inflammasome.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Review
- Glaucoma: from pathogenic mechanisms to retinal glial cell response to damage.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo determine the regulation of immune system activity associated with Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in glaucoma.
methodsRetinal protein samples obtained from human donor eyes with (n = 10) or without (n = 10) glaucoma were analyzed by a quantitative proteomic approach involving mass spectrometry. Cellular localization of TLR2, -3, and -4 was also determined by immunohistochemical analysis of an additional group of human donor eyes with glaucoma (n = 34) and control eyes (n = 20). In addition, in vitro experiments were performed in rat retinal microglia and astrocytes to determine glial TLR expression and immunoregulatory function after exposure to exogenous heat shock proteins (HSPs) and H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress.
resultsProteomic analyses of the human retina detected expression and differential regulation of different TLRs in glaucomatous samples. Parallel to the upregulation of TLR signaling, proteomic findings were also consistent with a prominent increase in the expression of HSPs in glaucoma. Immunohistochemical analysis supported upregulated expression of TLRs on both microglia and astrocytes in the glaucomatous retina. In vitro experiments provided additional evidence that HSPs and oxidative stress upregulate glial TLR and MHC class II expression and cytokine production through TLR signaling and stimulate proliferation and cytokine secretion of co-cultured T cells during antigen presentation.
conclusionsThe findings of this study support the upregulation of TLR signaling in human glaucoma, which may be associated with innate and adaptive immune responses. In vitro findings showed that components of glaucomatous tissue stress, including upregulated HSPs and oxidative stress, may initiate the immunostimulatory signaling through glial TLRs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.