Trial reportDrug and alcohol dependence2010
A randomized, controlled trial of NRT-aided gradual vs. abrupt cessation in smokers actively trying to quit.
Trial report in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00297492 (Gradual vs. Abrupt Cessation Treatment for Smoking), which is not on this map. Cited by 37 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Gradual vs. Abrupt Cessation Treatment for Smoking
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Smoking reduction interventions for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Telephone counselling for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- An updated meta-analysis of nicotine preloading for smoking cessation: investigating mediators of the effect.Psychopharmacology · 2011Pooled it
- Efficacy of a Texting Program to Promote Cessation Among Pregnant Smokers: A Randomized Control Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Trial
- Piloting a clinical laboratory method to evaluate the influence of potential modified risk tobacco products on smokers' quit-related motivation, choice, and behavior.Addictive behaviors · 2019Trial
- Toward precision smoking cessation treatment II: Proximal effects of smoking cessation intervention components on putative mechanisms of action.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Test-Retest Reliability and Stability of the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio Among Treatment-Seeking Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2015Trial
- A mechanistic test of nicotine replacement therapy sampling for smoking cessation induction.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Efficacy of a smoking quit line in the military: baseline design and analysis.Contemporary clinical trials · 2012Trial
- A randomized placebo-controlled trial of varenicline for smoking cessation allowing flexible quit dates.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2012Trial
- Is delaying a quit attempt associated with less success?Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2011Trial
- Efficacy of varenicline to prompt quit attempts in smokers not currently trying to quit: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2011Trial
- Cognitive behavioral therapy and the nicotine transdermal patch for dual nicotine and cannabis dependence: a pilot study.The American journal on addictionsTrial
- A Randomized Clinical Trial of Nicotine Preloading for Smoking Cessation in People with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.Journal of dual diagnosisTrial
- Comparison of in-person versus telephonic interview on tobacco cessation in an Indian dental setting.Bioinformation · 2023Article
- Varenicline for Gradual Versus Abrupt Smoking Cessation in Poorly Motivated Smokers With COPD: A Prematurely Terminated Randomized Controlled Trial.Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Most smoking cessation programs advise abrupt rather than gradual cessation. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of gradual cessation (n=297) vs. abrupt cessation (n=299) vs. minimal treatment (n=150) among smokers who wanted to quit now and preferred to quit gradually. Participants were recruited via newspaper and radio advertisements. The gradual and abrupt conditions received five phone calls (total=90 min) and the minimal treatment condition received two calls (25 min total). The gradual condition received nicotine lozenge (via mail) to reduce smoking prior to their quit date. After the quit day, all participants received lozenge. The primary outcome was prolonged abstinence from 2 weeks post-quit day through 6 months. Prior to the quit day, the gradual condition decreased cigarettes/day by 54%, whereas the other two conditions decreased by 1% and 5%. Prolonged abstinence rates (CO<10 ppm) did not differ among gradual, abrupt and minimal treatment conditions (4%, 7% and 5%), nor did 7-day point prevalence rates (7%, 11% and 11%). Fewer smokers in the gradual condition (48%) made a quit attempt than in the abrupt (64%) or minimal (60%) conditions (p<.001). In the gradual condition, every week delay to the quit date increased the probability of lapsing by 19% (p<.001). We conclude that among smokers who want to stop gradually in the near future, gradual cessation with nicotine pre-treatment does not produce higher quit rates than abrupt cessation. One liability of gradual reduction may be that it allows smokers to delay their quit date.
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