ArticleArthritis research & therapy2010
Cytokine profile of autologous conditioned serum for treatment of osteoarthritis, in vitro effects on cartilage metabolism and intra-articular levels after injection.
Article in Arthritis research & therapy, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preliminary Evidence on Intra-Articular Autologous Conditioned Serum (ACS) in Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMDs): A Systematic Review with a Focus on Mechanisms and Potential Application in Clinical Practice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Intra-articular autologous conditioned serum and triamcinolone injections in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a controlled, randomized, double-blind study.The Journal of international medical research · 2023Trial
- Bone marrow concentrate and platelet-rich plasma differ in cell distribution and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist protein concentration.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2018Trial
- The effect of subacromial injections of autologous conditioned plasma versus cortisone for the treatment of symptomatic partial rotator cuff tears.Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA · 2016Trial
- Comparative Therapeutic Effects of Cytokine-Rich Serum and Platelet-Rich Plasma in a Rat Model of Ovarian Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2026Article
- Toward Personalized ACS Therapy: How Disease Status and Patient Lifestyle Shape the Molecular Signature of Autologous Conditioned Serum.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Isoquercitrin ameliorates chondrocyte dysfunction in osteoarthritis by targeting AKT1-mediated mitochondrial dynamics regulation.PloS one · 2026Article
- Blood derivatives as monotherapy and combination therapy: A promising strategy for wound healing.Regenerative therapy · 2025Review
- Regenerative Medicine: The Next Generation of Autologous Blood Formulations.HSS journal : the musculoskeletal journal of Hospital for Special Surgery · 2025Review
- Current and Emerging Biologic Therapies for Equine Tendon and Ligament Injuries.The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice · 2025Review
- Efficacy of hyaluronic acid and conditioned serum in acute rotator cuff tear repair: A rat model study.Acta orthopaedica et traumatologica turcica · 2025Article
- Autologous Peripheral Blood-Derived Orthobiologics for the Management of Elbow Disorders: A Review of Current Clinical Evidence.Pain and therapy · 2025Review
- Review
- Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines on Regenerative Medicine Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Consensus Report from a Multispecialty Working Group.Journal of pain research · 2024Review
- Use of Autologous Conditioned Serum (ACS) for Osteoarthritis Treatment in Horses: A Systematic Review of Clinical Data.Veterinary sciences · 2023Review
- Comparisons of Cytokines, Growth Factors and Clinical Efficacy between Platelet-Rich Plasma and Autologous Conditioned Serum for Knee Osteoarthritis Management.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Conditioned serum in vitro treatment of chondrocyte pellets and osteoarthritic explants.Equine veterinary journal · 2023Article
- Investigation of the potential of leukoreduction filters in the creation of anti-inflammatory compound.Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis · 2023Article
- Extracellular vesicles in osteoarthritis of peripheral joint and temporomandibular joint.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory and Regenerative Effects of Autologous Conditioned Serum from Dogs with Osteoarthritis.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIntraarticular administration of autologous conditioned serum (ACS) recently demonstrated some clinical effectiveness in treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). The current study aims to evaluate the in vitro effects of ACS on cartilage proteoglycan (PG) metabolism, its composition and the effects on synovial fluid (SF) cytokine levels following intraarticular ACS administration.
methodsThe effect of conditioned serum on PG metabolism of cultured OA cartilage explants was compared to unconditioned serum. The effect of serum conditioning on levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), osteoprotegerin (OPG), oncostatin M (OSM), interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1ra) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) were measured by multiplex ELISA. As TNF-alpha levels were found to be increased in conditioned serum, the effect of TNF-alpha inhibition by etanercept on PG metabolism was studied in cartilage explants cultured in the presence of conditioned serum. Furthermore, cytokine levels in SF were measured three days after intraarticular ACS injection in OA patients to verify their retention time in the joint space.
resultsPG metabolism was not different in the presence of conditioned serum compared to unconditioned serum. Levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ra, TGF-beta, IL-10 as well as of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha and OSM were increased. IL-4, IL-13 and IFN-gamma levels remained similar, while OPG levels decreased. TNF-alpha inhibition did not influence PG metabolism in cartilage explant culture in the presence of conditioned serum. Although OPG levels were higher and TGF-beta levels were clearly lower in ACS than in SF, intraarticular ACS injection in OA patients did not result in significant changes in these cytokine levels.
conclusionsACS for treatment of osteoarthritis contains increased levels of anti-inflammatory as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, in particular TNF-alpha, but conditioned serum does not seem to have a net direct effect on cartilage metabolism, even upon inhibition of TNF-alpha. The fast intraarticular clearance of cytokines in the injected ACS may explain the limited effects found previously in vivo.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.