ReviewCold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology2010
An enigmatic tail of CD28 signaling.
Review in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 166 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
166 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 266 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness and Safety of Anti-CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Immunotherapy in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 controls PI3-kinase activation downstream of the T cell antigen receptor in human T cells.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2015Trial
- A randomized controlled trial to evaluate inhibition of T-cell costimulation in allergen-induced airway inflammation.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2013Trial
- microRNAs as Regulators of the Immune Response and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications in Cancer.Non-coding RNA · 2026Review
- C-terminal CD28 phosphorylation, pY218, modulates IL-2 secretion and therapeutic effect of CAR-T cells.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- T cell lymphomas: cancers of aberrant immune synapse signalling.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint molecules beyond PD-1 and CTLA-4: emerging targets in autoimmune diseases and cancer immunotherapy.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- A motif-vocabulary model of CAR T-cell intracellular domains identifies determinants of immunophenotype differentiation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The race between 4-1BB- and CD28-based CD19 CAR-T products in the therapy of B-cell malignancies.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer · 2026Review
- C-terminus CD28 phosphorylation (Y218) modulates IL-2 secretion and antitumor effect of CAR-T cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- PD-L1 expression on circulating tumor cells for predicting clinical outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving PD-(L)1 blockade and targeted therapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Article
- Why are long-lived plasma cells long-lived?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Cancer immunotherapy strategies based on transition‑metal medical materials: Still a long way to go (Review).International journal of oncology · 2026Review
- Next-generation CAR-T cells design: leveraging tumor features for enhanced efficacy.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- CD28 and ICOS in immune regulation: Structural insights and therapeutic targeting.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters · 2025Review
- Cytotoxic T Cells: Kill, Memorize, and Mask to Maintain Immune Homeostasis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Transitioning from native to synthetic receptors: broadening T-cell engineering and beyond.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
- Binding of RHOA G17V to p300 enhances its HAT activity: a new mechanism of epigenetic deregulation in TFH lymphoma.Blood advances · 2025Article
106 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
CD28 costimulation regulates a wide range of cellular processes, from proliferation and survival to promoting the differentiation of specialized T-cell subsets. Since first being identified over 20 years ago, CD28 has remained a subject of intense study because of its profound consequences on T cell function and its potential for therapeutic manipulation. In this review we highlight the signaling cascades initiated by the major signaling motifs in CD28, focusing on PI-3 kinase-dependent and -independent pathways and how these are linked to specific cellular outcomes. Recent studies using gene targeted knockin mice have clarified the relative importance of these motifs on in vivo immune responses; however, much remains to be elucidated. Understanding the mechanism behind costimulation holds great potential for development of new clinically relevant reagents, a fact beginning to be realized with the advent of drugs that prevent CD28 ligation and signaling.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.