ArticleGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2011
Shifting trends in in vitro antibiotic susceptibilities for common bacterial conjunctival isolates in the last decade at the New York Eye and Ear Infirmary.
Article in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension 0.6% administered twice daily for 3 days in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis in adults and children.Clinical drug investigation · 2012Trial
- Current Recommendations, Antibiotic Resistance, and Emerging Treatments for Gram-Positive Ocular Infections in the United States.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Acute Conjunctivitis among Patients Visiting the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology in a Tertiary Care Centre.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2024Article
- Microbiology and management of Staphylococcus aureus lacrimal system infections: A 10-year retrospective study.PloS one · 2024Article
- Microbiological spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of non-viral conjunctivitis over 16 years at a tertiary eye care center in Southern India.International ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Preparation and Evaluation of Nanofibrous and Film-Structured Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride Inserts for Sustained Ocular Delivery: Pharmacokinetic Study in Rabbit's Eye.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Antibiotic resistance in ocular bacterial infections: an integrative review of ophthalmic chloramphenicol.Tropical medicine and health · 2023Review
- A Systematic Review of Multi-decade Antibiotic Resistance Data for Ocular Bacterial Pathogens in the United States.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2022Review
- Population structure of ocularMicrobial genomics · 2022Article
- Urgent Vitrectomy with Vancomycin Infusion, Silicone Oil Endotamponade, and General Antibiotic Treatment in Multiple Cases of Endophthalmitis from a Single Day of Intravitreal Injections-Case Series.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Trends in Antibiotic Resistance Among Ocular Microorganisms in the United States From 2009 to 2018.JAMA ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Bacterial Etiology and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Conjunctivitis Patients' Isolates in Kashan, Iran.Advanced biomedical research · 2020Article
- Decreased expression of femXAB genes and fnbp mediated biofilm pathways in OS-MRSA clinical isolates.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Antibacterial resistance in ophthalmic infections: a multi-centre analysis across UK care settings.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Observational
- Antibiotic resistance among ocular pathogens: current trends from the ARMOR surveillance study (2009-2016).Clinical optometry · 2019Article
- Epidemiology and Outcome of Microbial Keratitis: Private University Versus Urban Public Hospital Care.Eye & contact lens · 2018Article
- Endophthalmitis caused by gram-positive bacteria resistant to vancomycin: Clinical settings, causative organisms, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and treatment outcomes.American journal of ophthalmology case reports · 2018Article
- Article
- Retrospective report of antimicrobial susceptibility observed in bacterial pathogens isolated from ocular samples at Mount Sinai Hospital, 2010 to 2015.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2017Article
- Adult bacterial conjunctivitis: resistance patterns over 12 years in patients attending a large primary eye care centre in the UK.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBacterial conjunctivitis is one of the most common forms of ocular diseases worldwide. The purpose of this study is to determine the most common pathogens causing bacterial conjunctivitis, their in vitro susceptibility to existing antibiotics, and the changing trends in bacterial resistance to antibiotics over the last decade.
methodsRecords of all conjunctival bacterial cultures performed at the NYEEI Microbiology Laboratory from 1 January 1997 through 30 June 2008 were reviewed. Data on species of bacterial isolates and their in vitro susceptibility to the antibiotics tetracycline, trimethaprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ), imipenem, fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin), aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin), erythromycin, cefazolin, oxacillin, and vancomycin were collected.
resultsReview of records yielded 20,180 conjunctival bacterial cultures, 60.1% of which were culture-positive. Of the culture-positive isolates, 76.6% were gram-positive and 23.4% were gram-negative pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common gram-positive pathogen isolated, and also the most commonly isolated pathogen overall. Haemophilus influenzae was the most common gram-negative pathogen. A significant increase in the percentage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was observed in the course of 11.5 years. The highest levels of antibiotic resistance were observed to tetracycline, erythromycin, and TMP/SMZ. Gram-positive isolates were least resistant to vancomycin, and gram-negative isolates were least resistant to imipenem. The lowest broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance was observed in the case of moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, and aminoglycosides.
conclusionStaphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen in bacterial conjunctivitis. Conjunctival bacterial isolates demonstrated high levels of resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin and TMP/SMZ. Moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin appear to be currently the best choice for empirical broad-spectrum coverage. Vancomycin is the best antibiotic for MRSA coverage.
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