Trial reportNeurology2010
Rituximab add-on therapy for breakthrough relapsing multiple sclerosis: a 52-week phase II trial.
Trial report in Neurology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04466150 (Impact of Ocrelizumab on Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers at Multiple Sclerosis Onset), which is not on this map. Cited by 93 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Impact of Ocrelizumab on Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers at Multiple Sclerosis Onset
Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 216 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rituximab for people with multiple sclerosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of rituximab in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2023Pooled it
- Rituximab for people with multiple sclerosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Treatment with disease-modifying drugs for people with a first clinical attack suggestive of multiple sclerosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Rituximab for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013Pooled it
- Rituximab in relapsing and progressive forms of multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- Interpreting Lymphocyte Reconstitution Data From the Pivotal Phase 3 Trials of Alemtuzumab.JAMA neurology · 2017Trial
- Epstein-Barr virus pathogenesis and emerging control strategies.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Multiple Sclerosis: A Story of the Interaction Between Gut Microbiome and Components of the Immune System.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Gut IgA-antibody secreting cells segregate into four Blimp1+ subsets based on differential expression of IgA and Ki-67 and are retained following prolonged αCD20 B cell depletion in mice.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- Elevated frequencies of activated memory B cells in multiple sclerosis are reset to healthy control levels after B cell depletion with Ocrelizumab.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2025Article
- Rituximab-Induced Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis in Multiple Sclerosis: A Rare Phenomenon.Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology · 2025Article
- Long-Term Adverse Events of Rituximab in Multiple Sclerosis Patients, Isfahan, Iran.International journal of preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Ofatumumab in pediatric multiple sclerosis: a case series.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Article
- Pregnancy Outcomes in Women with Multiple Sclerosis Who Had Exposure to Ocrelizumab: a Systematic Review of the Literature.Maedica · 2024Article
- Treatment of multiple sclerosis with rituximab: A Spanish multicenter experience.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Optic Neuritis in Multiple Sclerosis-A Review of Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Degenerative Process.Current issues in molecular biology · 2022Review
- Effectiveness of rituximab vs. ocrelizumab for the treatment of primary progressive multiple sclerosis: a real-world observational study.Journal of neurology · 2022Observational
- Efficacy and safety of rituximab in patients with multiple sclerosis: An observational study at a tertiary center in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) · 2022Observational
- What Have Failed, Interrupted, and Withdrawn Antibody Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis Taught Us?Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2022Review
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveB cells and the humoral immune system have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). This study sought to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of add-on therapy with rituximab, a monoclonal antibody that depletes circulating B cells, in subjects with relapsing MS with breakthrough disease defined by clinical and MRI activity (Class III evidence).
methodsThirty subjects with a relapse within the past 18 months despite use of an injectable disease-modifying agent, and with at least 1 gadolinium-enhancing (GdE) lesion on any of 3 pretreatment MRIs, received rituximab administered at 375 mg/m(2) weekly x 4 doses. Three monthly posttreatment brain MRI scans were obtained beginning 12 weeks after the first infusion. Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) were obtained at baseline and throughout the posttreatment follow-up.
resultsGdE lesions were reduced after treatment with rituximab, with 74% of posttreatment MRI scans being free of GdE activity compared with 26% free of GdE activity at baseline (p < 0.0001). Median GdE lesions were reduced from 1.0 to 0, and mean number was reduced from 2.81 per month to 0.33 after treatment (88% reduction). MSFC improved as well (p = 0.02). EDSS remained stable.
conclusionRituximab add-on therapy was effective based upon blinded radiologic endpoints in this phase II study. In combination with standard injectable therapies, rituximab was well-tolerated with no serious adverse events. B-cell-modulating therapy remains a potential option for treatment of patients with relapsing MS with an inadequate response to standard injectable therapies. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class III evidence that add-on rituximab reduces gadolinium-enhancing brain lesions in multiple sclerosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.