ArticleAmerican journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)2011
Expression of toll-like receptors in genital tract tissues from normal and HIV-infected men.
Article in American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- TLR2 and TLR4 bridge physiological and pathological inflammation in the reproductive system.Communications biology · 2025Review
- Effects of Goji Berry Supplementation on Immune-Related and Antioxidant Gene Expression in the Male Rabbit Reproductive Tract.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Lower Urinary Tract Inflammation and Infection: Key Microbiological and Immunological Aspects.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Activation of sperm Toll-like receptor 2 induces hyperactivation to enhance the penetration to mucus and uterine glands: a trigger for the uterine inflammatory cascade in cattle.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Cell Surface Expression of Endosomal Toll-Like Receptors-A Necessity or a Superfluous Duplication?Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- The seminal microbiome in health and disease.Nature reviews. Urology · 2019Review
- HIV-1 reservoirs in urethral macrophages of patients under suppressive antiretroviral therapy.Nature microbiology · 2019Article
- The Human Penis Is a Genuine Immunological Effector Site.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Differential expression of toll-like receptors in the human placenta across early gestation.Placenta · 2016Article
- Trichomoniasis immunity and the involvement of the purinergic signaling.Biomedical journal · 2016Review
- Innate and adaptive immune responses in male and female reproductive tracts in homeostasis and following HIV infection.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2014Review
- TLR-Dependent Human Mucosal Epithelial Cell Responses to Microbial Pathogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2014Review
- HIV infection and immune defense of the penis.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2011Review
- Innate and acquired immunity in the human penile urethra.Journal of reproductive immunology · 2011Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
problemcells of the innate immune system use Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to recognize and respond to invading pathogens. This study was carried out to characterize TLR expression in the human male genital tract, an initial infection site for several sexually transmitted pathogens. METHOD OF STUDY: immunohistochemistry was used to detect expression of TLRs 1-9 in genital tract tissues from HIV(-) and HIV(+) men.
resultsin HIV(-) men, TLR1(+) leukocytes were detected throughout the genital tract. Leukocytes in the penile urethra also expressed TLRs2, 3, 5, 7 and 9. Epithelial cells in most tissues did not express TLRs; exceptions were the prostate, where TLRs3 and 8 were observed on the apical surface of luminal epithelial cells, and the penile urethra, where epithelial cells expressed TLR9. In genital tissues from HIV(+) men with AIDS, few TLR(+) cells were detected.
conclusioncells in the male genital tract can express a variety of TLRs. The penile urethra contained the highest number of TLR(+) cells, indicating that this tissue plays a major role in the innate immune defense of the male genital tract. Overall, TLR expression was reduced in genital tissues from HIV(+) men.
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