ArticleInternational journal of health geographics2010
Drive time to cardiac rehabilitation: at what point does it affect utilization?
Article in International journal of health geographics, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Association Between Initiation of Cardiac Rehabilitation after Hospitalization for Heart Failure and 1-Year Survival Among Medicare Beneficiaries.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of Geographic Factors on Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation Adherence After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.Circulation reports · 2026Article
- Barriers to Participation and Adherence in Cardiac Rehabilitation Programmes: A Scoping Review of Recent Evidence from Industrialized and Developing Countries.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Travel Distance, Urbanicity, and Cardiac Rehabilitation Participation in Medicare Beneficiaries.JACC. Advances · 2026Article
- Comparing disparities in geographic proximity to exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation before and after decentralisation of services: a repeated cross-sectional study using individual-level register data.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- Travel-time accessibility and adaptive spatial planning solutions for the healthcare system.npj health systems · 2025Article
- Referrals from Health Care Professionals to Community-Based Exercise Programmes Targeting People with Balance and Mobility Limitations: An Interviewer-Administered Survey.Physiotherapy Canada. Physiotherapie Canada · 2025Article
- Use of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Subspecialist Services by Commercially Insured Pregnant People.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Impact of reduced group size on patient adherence and functional outcomes in cardiac rehabilitation: insights from a COVID-19 pandemic natural experiment.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2024Article
- Relationship Between Community-Level Distress and Cardiac Rehabilitation Participation, Facility Access, and Clinical Outcomes After Inpatient Coronary Revascularization.Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2023Article
- Unmet Needs for Cardiac Rehabilitation in Africa: A Perennial Gap in the Management of Individuals with Cardiac Diseases.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2023Review
- Analysis of Barriers to Public and Private Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs in Patients with Low and High Adherence.Brazilian journal of cardiovascular surgery · 2023Observational
- Barriers to hospital-based phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation among patients with coronary heart disease in China: a mixed-methods study.BMC nursing · 2022Article
- Clinical Determinants and Barriers to Cardiac Rehabilitation Enrollment of Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Single-Center Study in Portugal.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Article
- Disparities in Geographic Access to Cardiac Rehabilitation in Los Angeles County.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Article
- Barriers to and motives for engagement in an exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programme in Ireland: a qualitative study.BMC primary care · 2022Article
- Proximity of Water Wells to Public Water Testing Facilities in Alberta Using Drive Times.Environmental health insights · 2022Article
- Validity and Reliability of the Cardiac Rehabilitation Barriers Scale in the Czech Republic (CRBS-CZE): Determination of Key Barriers in East-Central Europe.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Observational
- Disparity in Access to Oncology Precision Care: A Geospatial Analysis of Driving Distances to Genetic Counselors in the U.S.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA 30 minute drive time threshold has often been cited as indicative of accessible health services. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a chronic disease management program designed to enhance and maintain cardiovascular health, and geographic barriers to utilization are often cited. The purpose of this study was to empirically test the drive time threshold for CR utilization.
methodsA prospective study, using a multi-level design of coronary artery disease outpatients nested within 97 cardiologists. Participants completed a baseline sociodemographic survey, and reported CR referral, enrollment and participation in a second survey 9 months later. CR utilization was verified with CR sites. Geographic information systems were used to generate drive times at 60, 80 and 100% of the speed limit to the closest CR site from participants' homes, to take into consideration various traffic conditions. Bivariate analysis was used to test for differences in CR referral, enrollment and degree of participation by drive time. Logistic regression was used to test drive time increments where significant differences were found.
resultsDrive times were generated for 1209 outpatients. Overall, CR referral was verified for 523 (43.3%) outpatients, with verified enrollment for 444 (36.7%) participating in a mean of 86.4 +/- 25.7% of prescribed sessions. There were significant differences in CR referral and enrollment by drive time (ps < .01), but not degree of participation. Logistic regression analysis (ps < .001) revealed that the drive time threshold at 80% of the posted speed limit for physician referral may be 60 minutes (OR = .26, 95% CI: 0.13-0.55), and the threshold for patient CR enrollment may also be 60 minutes (OR = .11, 95% CI: 0.04-0.33).
conclusionsPhysicians may be taking geography into consideration when referring patients to CR. Empirical consideration also reveals that patients are significantly less likely to enroll in CR where they must drive 60 minutes or more to the closest program. Once enrolled, distance has no significant effect on degree of participation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.