ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2010
Genetic architecture of a feeding adaptation: garter snake (Thamnophis) resistance to tetrodotoxin bearing prey.
Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic Architecture, Spatial Heterogeneity, and the Arms Race between Newts and Snakes: Exploring Coevolution with Simulations.The American naturalist · 2025Article
- Coevolution with toxic prey produces functional trade-offs in sodium channels of predatory snakes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Molecular mechanisms of adaptive evolution in wild animals and plants.Science China. Life sciences · 2023Review
- Convergent evolution of toxin resistance in animals.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2022Review
- Review
- The geographic mosaic of arms race coevolution is closely matched to prey population structure.Evolution letters · 2020Article
- Links between prey assemblages and poison frog toxins: A landscape ecology approach to assess how biotic interactions affect species phenotypes.Ecology and evolution · 2019Article
- Large-effect mutations generate trade-off between predatory and locomotor ability during arms race coevolution with deadly prey.Evolution letters · 2018Article
- Molecular Adaptations for Sensing and Securing Prey and Insight into Amniote Genome Diversity from the Garter Snake Genome.Genome biology and evolution · 2018Article
- Is there more than one way to skin a newt? Convergent toxin resistance in snakes is not due to a common genetic mechanism.Heredity · 2016Article
- Evolutionary history of a complex adaptation: tetrodotoxin resistance in salamanders.Evolution; international journal of organic evolution · 2015Article
- Parallel evolution of tetrodotoxin resistance in three voltage-gated sodium channel genes in the garter snake Thamnophis sirtalis.Molecular biology and evolution · 2014Article
- Article
- Adaptive evolution: evaluating empirical support for theoretical predictions.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2012Review
- Predatory caddisfly larvae sequester tetrodotoxin from their prey, eggs of the rough-skinned newt (Taricha granulosa).Journal of chemical ecology · 2012Article
- Constraint shapes convergence in tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channels of snakes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Detailing the genetic basis of adaptive variation in natural populations is a first step towards understanding the process of adaptive evolution, yet few ecologically relevant traits have been characterized at the genetic level in wild populations. Traits that mediate coevolutionary interactions between species are ideal for studying adaptation because of the intensity of selection and the well-characterized ecological context. We have previously described the ecological context, evolutionary history and partial genetic basis of tetrodotoxin (TTX) resistance in garter snakes (Thamnophis). Derived mutations in a voltage-gated sodium channel gene (Na(v)1.4) in three garter snake species are associated with resistance to TTX, the lethal neurotoxin found in their newt prey (Taricha). Here we evaluate the contribution of Na(v)1.4 alleles to TTX resistance in two of those species from central coastal California. We measured the phenotypes (TTX resistance) and genotypes (Na(v)1.4 and microsatellites) in a local sample of Thamnophis atratus and Thamnophis sirtalis. Allelic variation in Na(v)1.4 explains 23 per cent of the variation in TTX resistance in T. atratus while variation in a haphazard sample of the genome (neutral microsatellite markers) shows no association with the phenotype. Similarly, allelic variation in Na(v)1.4 correlates almost perfectly with TTX resistance in T. sirtalis, but neutral variation does not. These strong correlations suggest that Na(v)1.4 is a major effect locus. The simple genetic architecture of TTX resistance in garter snakes may significantly impact the dynamics of phenotypic coevolution. Fixation of a few alleles of major effect in some garter snake populations may have led to the evolution of extreme phenotypes and an 'escape' from the arms race with newts.
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