ArticleFree radical biology & medicine2010
Photo-oxidation of cardiolipin and cytochrome c with bilayer-embedded Pc 4.
Article in Free radical biology & medicine, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rethinking photosensitization in therapy and sun protection.Chemical science · 2026Review
- Mitochondria-Targeting Metal Complexes: Design Principles, Mechanisms of Action, and Translational Perspectives.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Singlet oxygen generation on porous superhydrophobic surfaces: effect of gas flow and sensitizer wetting on trapping efficiency.The journal of physical chemistry. A · 2014Article
- Characterization of cardiolipins and their oxidation products by LC-MS analysis.Chemistry and physics of lipids · 2014Review
- Comprehensive approach to the quantitative analysis of mitochondrial phospholipids by HPLC-MS.Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences · 2013Article
- Monolysocardiolipin: improved preparation with high yield.Journal of lipid research · 2011Article
- Cardiolipin: characterization of distinct oxidized molecular species.Journal of lipid research · 2011Article
- Photodynamic therapy: Promotion of efficacy by a sequential protocol.Journal of porphyrins and phthalocyaninesArticle
- Binding to and photo-oxidation of cardiolipin by the phthalocyanine photosensitizer Pc 4.Journal of biomedical opticsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Singlet oxygen, (1)O(2), is produced by absorption of red light by the phthalocyanine dye Pc 4, followed by energy transfer to dissolved triplet molecular oxygen, (3)O(2). In tissues, Pc 4 concentrates in lipid bilayers, and particularly in mitochondrial membranes, because of its positive charge. Illumination of cells and tissues with red light after uptake of Pc 4 results in cell death. The potential initial chemical steps that result in cellular dysfunction have been characterized in this study. Both unsaturated acyl chains of phospholipids and proteins are identified as targets of oxidation. Tetra-linoleoyl cardiolipin was oxidized in both liposomes and mitochondria after Pc 4-mediated (1)O(2) generation. Evidence for the formation of both mono- and bis-hydroperoxide adducts of single linoleoyl side chains is provided by ESI-MS and ESI-MS/MS. Similarly, illumination of Pc 4 in liposomes and mitochondria resulted in cytochrome c oxidation as detected by oxidation of His 26 in the peptide H(26)*KTGPNLHGLFGK, further supporting the potential use of this peptide as a biomarker for the presence of mitochondrial oxidative stress characteristic of (1)O(2) in vivo (J. Kim et al., Free Radic. Biol. Med. 44:1700-1711; 2008). These observations provide evidence that formation of lipid hydroperoxides and/or protein oxidation can be the initial chemical steps in Pc 4-mediated induction of apoptosis in photodynamic therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.