Evidence map›Paper›PMID 20504946›Full record

SynthesisNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2010

Do point prevalence and prolonged abstinence measures produce similar results in smoking cessation studies? A systematic review.

John R Hughes, Matthew J Carpenter, Shelly Naud

Abstract readComparative StudySystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
57citing papers in PubMed, 11 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

57 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  5. Study Characteristics Influence the Efficacy of Substance Abuse Treatments: A Meta-analysis of Medications for Smoking Cessation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

John R HughesDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, University Health Center, Mailstop 482, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, VT 05401, USA. john.hughes@uvm.edu
Matthew J Carpenter
Shelly Naud

Funding

Natural History of Attempts to Stop SmokingR01DA025089 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT & ST AGRIC COLLEGE · PI HUGHES, JOHN R · 2008 to 2010
$1.3M
Stimulus Control and Trajectories of Adolescent SmokingK23DA020482 · NIDA · MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA · PI CARPENTER, MATTHEW J · 2007 to 2011
$869k
NIDA NIH HHS DA000490NIDA NIH HHS DA020482NIDA NIH HHS DA025089NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA025089
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionMany smoking cessation trials report either prolonged abstinence (PA) rates (i.e., not smoking since a quit date, with or without a grace period) or point prevalence (PP) abstinence rates (i.e., no smoking one or more days prior to the follow-up), but how these two relate is unclear.

methodsWe located 28 pharmacotherapy trials that provided 76 within-study comparisons of PA versus PP. The first two authors independently coded all trials.

resultsThe two measures were highly correlated (r = .88) and PA averaged 0.74 that of PP. Equations for converting PP to PA and vice versa produced estimations that, in 90% of cases, were within 4%-5% of actual PP or PA values. The odds ratio and the relative risk for active versus control were identical when PA and PP were used; however, the difference in proportion abstinent for active versus control was somewhat less when PA was used than when PP was used (8% vs. 10%). DISCUSSION: We conclude that PA and PP are closely related and can be interconverted with moderate accuracy. They also produce similar effect sizes when odds ratio and relative risk are used as effect sizes. When absolute difference in percent abstinent is used as an effect size, PA produces a smaller effect size than PP. We believe trials should continue to report both PA and PP outcomes to enhance comparisons across studies.

Indexed as

Outcome Assessment, Health CareSmoking PreventionClinical Trials as TopicFollow-Up StudiesHumansNicotineNicotinic AgonistsOdds RatioPredictive Value of TestsSmoking CessationSubstance Withdrawal SyndromeTobacco Use DisorderNicotineNicotinic Agonists

Identifiers

PMID20504946
PMCPMC2893294

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.