ArticlePloS one2010
Persistence of West Nile virus in the central nervous system and periphery of mice.
Article in PloS one, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- IL-1β signaling promotes CNS-intrinsic immune control of West Nile virus infection.PLoS pathogens · 2012Trial
- A pegivirus associated with encephalitis in red-legged partridges shows neurotropism across avian species.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Characterization of virus neuroinvasion, blood-brain barrier integrity and neuroinflammation following Powassan virus infection in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Chronic and reactivated dengue infection in an immunocompromised host: insights from a case report.Tropical medicine and health · 2025Article
- Observational
- Comprehensive analysis of West Nile Virus transmission: Environmental, ecological, and individual factors. An umbrella review.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- West Nile Virus (WNV): One-Health and Eco-Health Global Risks.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Flaviviruses-Induced Neurological Sequelae.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Immunosuppression-induced Zika virus reactivation causes brain inflammation and behavioral deficits in mice.iScience · 2024Article
- Skin tropism during Usutu virus and West Nile virus infection: an amplifying and immunological role.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- MS Identification of Blood Plasma Proteins Concentrated on a Photocrosslinker-Modified Surface.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Neurotoxic properties of the Zika virus envelope protein.Experimental neurology · 2023Article
- Article
- Detection of West Nile and Usutu Virus RNA in Autumn Season in Wild Avian Hosts in Northern Italy.Viruses · 2023Article
- West Nile Virus Lineage 2 Overwintering in Italy.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Why does viral RNA sometimes persist after recovery from acute infections?PLoS biology · 2022Article
- Re-Examining the Importance of Pigs in the Transmission of Japanese Encephalitis Virus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Viral Parkinsonism: An underdiagnosed neurological complication of Dengue virus infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence of West Nile virus revisited eight decades after its first isolation.Virulence · 2021Article
- Flavivirus Persistence in Wildlife Populations.Viruses · 2021Review
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Most acute infections with RNA viruses are transient and subsequently cleared from the host. Recent evidence, however, suggests that the RNA virus, West Nile virus (WNV), not only causes acute disease, but can persist long term in humans and animal models. Our goal in this study was to develop a mouse model of WNV persistence. We inoculated immunocompetent mice subcutaneously (s.c.) with WNV and examined their tissues for infectious virus and WNV RNA for 16 months (mo) post-inoculation (p.i.). Infectious WNV persisted for 1 mo p.i. in all mice and for 4 mo p.i. in 12% of mice, and WNV RNA persisted for up to 6 mo p.i. in 12% of mice. The frequency of persistence was tissue dependent and was in the following order: skin, spinal cord, brain, lymphoid tissues, kidney, and heart. Viral persistence occurred in the face of a robust antibody response and in the presence of inflammation in the brain. Furthermore, persistence in the central nervous system (CNS) and encephalitis were observed even in mice with subclinical infections. Mice were treated at 1 mo p.i. with cyclophosphamide, and active viral replication resulted, suggesting that lymphocytes are functional during viral persistence. In summary, WNV persisted in the CNS and periphery of mice for up to 6 mo p.i. in mice with subclinical infections. These results have implications for WNV-infected humans. In particular, immunosuppressed patients, organ transplantation, and long term sequelae may be impacted by WNV persistence.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.