ArticleInfection and immunity2010
CD4 T-cell suppression by cells from Toxoplasma gondii-infected retinas is mediated by surface protein PD-L1.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Case report: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada-like uveitis induced by anti-PD-1 therapy (Sintilimab) in a gastric cancer patient: a case study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Interferons andFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Exploring the potential of Toxoplasma gondii in drug development and as a delivery system.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Role of the PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway in ExperimentalFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Pathophysiology of ocular toxoplasmosis: Facts and open questions.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Review
- The molecular biology and immune control of chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Review
- Disease Tolerance inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
- MHC class II expression and potential antigen-presenting cells in the retina during experimental autoimmune uveitis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2017Article
- Article
- Interleukin-6-driven inflammatory response induces retinal pathology in a model of ocular toxoplasmosis reactivation.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- Regulation of immunopathogenesis during Plasmodium and Toxoplasma infections: more parallels than distinctions?Trends in parasitology · 2013Review
- Toxoplasma gondii rhoptry 16 kinase promotes host resistance to oral infection and intestinal inflammation only in the context of the dense granule protein GRA15.Infection and immunity · 2013Article
- Suppression of CD4 T-Cells in the spleen of mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii KI-1 tachyzoites.The Korean journal of parasitology · 2010Article
- Avirulent uracil auxotrophs based on disruption of orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase elicit protective immunity to Toxoplasma gondii.Infection and immunity · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In the inflamed retina, CD4(+) T cells can cause retinal damage when they are not properly regulated. Since tissue expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and costimulatory molecules is a key mechanism for regulating effector T cells, we tested the hypothesis that upregulation of these proteins in the retina contributes to the regulation of CD4 T cells. Here we report that in retinas infected with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, MHC class II is upregulated on infiltrating leukocytes as well as on resident retinal cells, including photoreceptors. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that B7 costimulatory family members (CD80, CD86, ICOS-L, and programmed death ligand 2 [PD-L2]) were not expressed on class II(+) cells. In contrast, PD-L1 (also named B7-H1 or CD274) was expressed on the majority of both hematopoietic and resident retinal MHC class II-expressing cells. Retinal cells from Toxoplasma-infected animals were able to suppress T-cell activation in a PD-L1-dependent manner. Finally, we demonstrate that the expression of MHC class II and PD-L1 was critically dependent on gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) expression. These data suggest that retinal MHC class II and PD-L1 expression is a novel mechanism by which the retina protects itself from CD4 T-cell-mediated immune damage in ocular toxoplasmosis and other types of retinal immune responses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.