ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2010
Simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy have reduced central nervous system viral replication and inflammation but persistence of viral DNA.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers.
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Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- The brain as an HIV reservoir: Recent findings using autopsy tissues from people with HIV.PLoS pathogens · 2026Review
- SPIONActa neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- CSF1R inhibition depletes brain macrophages and reduces brain virus burden in SIV-infected macaques.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Article
- A Switch from Glial to Neuronal Gene Expression Alterations in the Spinal Cord of SIV-infected Macaques on Antiretroviral Therapy.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2024Article
- Article
- The HIV Restriction Factor Profile in the Brain Is Associated with the Clinical Status and Viral Quantities.Viruses · 2023Article
- Animal models for studies of HIV-1 brain reservoirs.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2022Review
- Review
- Altered Glymphatic System in Middle-Aged cART-Treated Patients With HIV: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Article
- Longitudinal trajectories of brain volume in combined antiretroviral therapy treated and untreated simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques.AIDS (London, England) · 2021Article
- Advances in SIV/SHIV Non-Human Primate Models of NeuroAIDS.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Review
- Neurologic Complications of Acute HIV Infection.Current treatment options in infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Article
- Brain macrophages harbor latent, infectious simian immunodeficiency virus.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Review
- Article
- A Quantitative Approach to SIV Functional Latency in Brain Macrophages.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2019Review
- Macrophages but not Astrocytes Harbor HIV DNA in the Brains of HIV-1-Infected Aviremic Individuals on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2019Article
- Editor's Commentary for Special Issue: "The Role of Macrophages in HIV Persistence".Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2019Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDuring the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the prevalence of HIV-associated central nervous system (CNS) disease has increased despite suppression of plasma viremia.
methodsIn a simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) model system in which all animals develop AIDS and 90% develop CNS disease by 3 months after inoculation, pigtailed macaques were treated with a regimen of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, saquinavir, atazanavir, and an integrase inhibitor starting at 12 days after inoculation and were euthanized at approximately 175 days after inoculation.
resultsPlasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) viral loads declined rapidly after the initiation of HAART. Brain viral RNA was undetectable at necropsy, but viral DNA levels were not different from those in untreated SIV-infected macaques. CNS inflammation was significantly reduced, with decreased brain expression of major histocompatibility complex class II and glial fibrillary acidic protein and reduced levels of CSF CCL2 and interleukin 6. Brain from treated macaques had significantly lower levels of interferon beta, type 1 interferon-inducible gene myxovirus (influenza) resistance A, and indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase messenger RNA, suggesting that immune hyperactivation was suppressed, and fewer CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, suggesting that trafficking of T cells from peripheral blood was reduced. Brain levels of CD68 protein and tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma RNA were reduced but were not significantly lower, indicating continued CNS inflammation.
conclusionsThese data, generated in a rigorous, high-viral-load SIV-infected macaque model, showed that HAART provided benefits with respect to CNS viral replication and inflammation but that no change in the level of viral DNA and continued CNS inflammation occurred in some macaques.
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