Evidence map›Paper›PMID 20495566›Full record

ArticleNature genetics2010

Human T cell epitopes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are evolutionarily hyperconserved.

Iñaki Comas, Jaidip Chakravartti, Peter M Small, James Galagan, Stefan Niemann, Kristin Kremer, Joel D Ernst, Sebastien Gagneux

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature genetics, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 419 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
419citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

419 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Direct nanopore sequencing ofMicrobial genomics · 2026
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  13. Gene conversion is a key driver of diversity hotspots inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  14. Long-term refined genomic analysis of tuberculosis clusters to distinguish between ongoing transmission, reactivations or diagnostic delays, Almería, Spain, 2003 to 2024.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026
    Article
  15. The unique role ofmBio · 2026
    Article
  16. The Role of Youths in Within-Household Tuberculosis Transmission: A Household Contact Cohort Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026
    Article
  17. Review
  18. AFrontiers in tuberculosis · 2026
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Optimizing culture-free approaches to recover high qualitymedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025
    Article

359 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Iñaki ComasMedical Research Council, National Institute for Medical Research, London, UK.
Jaidip Chakravartti
Peter M Small
James Galagan
Stefan Niemann
Kristin Kremer
Joel D Ernst
Sebastien Gagneux

Funding

POPULATION-BASED MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TUBERCULOSISR01AI034238 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI HOPEWELL, PHILIP C · 1993 to 2010
$9.3M
Initiation of the Immune Response to M. tuberculosisR01AI051242 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI ERNST, JOEL D. · 2002 to 2019
$8.3M
M TUBERCULOSIS EVASION OF IMMUNE EFFECTOR MECHANISMSR01AI046097 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO · PI ERNST, JOEL D. · 2000 to 2008
$3.8M
Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen diversityR01AI090928 · NIAID · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI ERNST, JOEL D., GAGNEUX, SEBASTIEN · 2010 to 2014
$3.2M
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteMedical Research Council MC_U117588500Medical Research Council U117588500(88500)NIAID NIH HHS AI034238NIAID NIH HHS AI046097NIAID NIH HHS AI051242NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI034238NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI046097NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI051242NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI090928PHS HHS HHSN266200700022C
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an obligate human pathogen capable of persisting in individual hosts for decades. We sequenced the genomes of 21 strains representative of the global diversity and six major lineages of the M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) at 40- to 90-fold coverage using Illumina next-generation DNA sequencing. We constructed a genome-wide phylogeny based on these genome sequences. Comparative analyses of the sequences showed, as expected, that essential genes in MTBC were more evolutionarily conserved than nonessential genes. Notably, however, most of the 491 experimentally confirmed human T cell epitopes showed little sequence variation and had a lower ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous changes than seen in essential and nonessential genes. We confirmed these findings in an additional data set consisting of 16 antigens in 99 MTBC strains. These findings are consistent with strong purifying selection acting on these epitopes, implying that MTBC might benefit from recognition by human T cells.

Indexed as

Conserved SequenceEpitopes, T-LymphocyteEvolution, MolecularAntigens, BacterialGenome, BacterialHumansMycobacterium tuberculosisPhylogenySequence Analysis, DNAT-LymphocytesAntigens, BacterialEpitopes, T-Lymphocyte

Identifiers

PMID20495566
PMCPMC2883744

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.