ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2010
Presence of intestinal helminths decreases T helper type 1 responses in tuberculoid leprosy patients and may increase the risk for multi-bacillary leprosy.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Seroprevalence ofThe Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Estimation of Serum Vitamin D Levels and Helminthic Coinfection in Patients with Type 2 Lepra Reactions and its Correlation with Severity of Type 2 Reactions: A Cross-Sectional Study.Indian dermatology online journal · 2025Article
- Serological Evidence of Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections as a Potential Risk for Severity in Leprosy Patients.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2025Article
- Investigating the role of soil-transmitted helminth infections in the development of leprosy in endemic regions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Spatial associations of Hansen's disease and schistosomiasis in endemic regions of Minas Gerais, Brazil.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Bacterial, fungal and parasitic co-infections in leprosy: A scoping review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Gastrointestinal helminths increaseeLife · 2022Article
- Leprosy and cutaneous leishmaniasis affecting the same individuals: A retrospective cohort analysis in a hyperendemic area in Brazil.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Undernutrition, food insecurity, and leprosy in North Gondar Zone, Ethiopia: A case-control study to identify infection risk factors associated with poverty.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Article
- Poor WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) Conditions Are Associated with Leprosy in North Gondar, Ethiopia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Household Contacts of Leprosy Patients in Endemic Areas Display a Specific Innate Immunity Profile.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- The Burden of Helminth Coinfections and Micronutrient Deficiencies in Patients with and without Leprosy Reactions: A Pilot Study in Minas Gerais, Brazil.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2019Article
- Opening a Can of Worms: Leprosy Reactions and Complicit Soil-Transmitted Helminths.EBioMedicine · 2017Article
- A tale of two neglected tropical infections: using GIS to assess the spatial and temporal overlap of schistosomiasis and leprosy in a region of Minas Gerais, Brazil.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2017Article
- Soil-transmitted helminth infections and leprosy: a cross-sectional study of the association between two major neglected tropical diseases in Indonesia.BMC infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Quadruple burden of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, chronic intestinal parasitoses, and multiple micronutrient deficiency in ethiopia: a summary of available findings.BioMed research international · 2015Review
- Viral Co-infection and Leprosy Outcomes: A Cohort Study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2015Article
- Gastrointestinal helminths may affect host susceptibility to anthrax through seasonal immune trade-offs.BMC ecology · 2014Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Resistance to intracellular pathogens such as Mycobacterium leprae is dependent upon an effective T helper type 1 (Th1)-type immune response. On the other hand, intestinal helminths are known to subvert the host's immune response towards to either a Th2-type immune response or a regulatory T cell up-regulation, which may affect the host's ability to mount an effective response to mycobacteria. Here, we report a significant association between intestinal helminth infections and lepromatous leprosy [odds ratio (OR), 10.88; confidence interval (CI) 95%: 4.02-29.4; P<0.001]. We also observed that the frequency of intestinal helminths correlated strongly with the mycobacterial index (r=0.982, P<0.01). Corroborating with our hypothesis, intracellular levels of interferon-gamma were decreased significantly in leprosy patients co-infected with intestinal helminths when compared to leprosy patients without worms. Conversely, lepromatous leprosy patients with intestinal worms produced higher levels of both interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10. Our results suggest that a pre-existing infection by intestinal helminths may facilitate the establishment of M. leprae infection or its progression to more severe forms of leprosy.
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